Rheinbach Castle
| Rheinbach Castle | ||
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 Remains of the Rheinbach Castle |
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| Creation time : | 12th Century | |
| Castle type : | Niederungsburg | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Rheinbach | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 37 '26.4 " N , 6 ° 57' 2.1" E | |
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The Rheinbacher Burg is the ruin of a moated castle from the 12th century on the southeast edge of the Rheinbach old town in the Rhein-Sieg district in North Rhine-Westphalia . After the remains have been preserved and partially reconstructed since the beginning of the 20th century, parts of the main castle can be visited today. The listed buildings shape the cityscape of Rheinbach's city center and are a tourist attraction.
Construction of the main castle
The structural origins of Rheinbach Castle can be found in the second half of the 12th century. The construction date of the obtained and as today Hexenturm designated the keep of the castle was by a dendrochronological investigation dated to about the 1180th The castle, built by the knights and lords of Rheinbach (presumed builder: Ritter Emelrich or Emelricus), was located on the historic Aachen-Frankfurter Heerstraße , which followed the course of today's Rheinbacher Hauptstraße and represented a source of income for the Großweiler at that time. Shortly before, the Lords of Rheinbach had been appointed castellans of the Prüm Monastery .
The main castle, which was initially built, was an imposing, high walled fortification, which was surrounded by a moat filled with water. In addition to the keep, it consisted of a palas (later called "Langer Bau" or "Haus auf dem Schloss"), a gatehouse and a fountain. Presumably there were other wooden buildings that can no longer be verified today. The hall had a kitchen on the ground floor, a representative manor room on the upper floor and smaller living rooms on the second floor. The upper floor of the gatehouse contained a small chapel, about 15 square meters in size. Above all, the still-preserved gatehouse (called "organ"), which was built around 1200 from an older gate, was built in parts from sawn-up cast wall pieces from the broken Roman canal .
Under the Archdiocese of Cologne
After the Prüm monastery ceded its rights to Rheinbach to the Archbishop of Cologne Konrad von Hochstaden in the middle of the 13th century , the Rheinbach knights became feudal people of the Cologne archbishopric . Around that time, the Rheinbach Castle was expanded to include a fortified outer bailey. It extended from the previous entrance gate (which now functioned as an intermediate gate between the two courtyards) to the north and was also surrounded by a moat. After the Battle of Worringen , the Rheinbach lords (presumably Theodoric II, a son of Lambert I) began to fortify Rheinbach at the end of the 13th century, into which they integrated the existing castle complexes.
The Rheinbach city wall was 1200 meters long, it had two full towers (the round Wasemer tower and the younger, rectangular Kallenturm ) and five half towers, of which the "windmill tower " and the "Bocksturm" were rebuilt. The half-tower of the outer bailey, which was built before or at the same time, was called the "dog tower". In 1323 the fortification of Rheinbach was completed; thus the Fronhofverband had finally become an (unofficial) town.
Around 1342, Beatrix von Schleiden, the widow of Theoderich III., After the death of her son and the last male bearer of the Rheinbach lords (Johann), sold her rights to the castle for an annual pension to the Archbishop of Cologne, Walram von Jülich . The Cologne bishops now designated the castle as the administrative center of the Rheinbach office and all archiepiscopal income in the county of Neuenahr . From 1345 onwards, Cologne officials lived again at Rheinbach Castle. In 1440 the castle had a crew of 12 people: customs officers, servants, maids, kitchen staff.
Modern times
In 1673, city and castle were under the Dutch War in part by the troops of the Dutch prince William of Orange destroyed. Essential parts of the castle were demolished between 1780 and 1830; Around 1800 the castle grounds were privatized. The new owner set up a mill here. In 1913 the city of Rheinbach acquired the castle and had the younger buildings torn down. Remnants of the castle that still exist have been restored. In the time of National Socialism , a home for the Hitler Youth was built on the southern part of the castle complex - leaning against the gate tower . In 1951, a school building was built on the site of the former outer bailey, which today houses a primary school. In 1980 the complex was restored again, and in 1988 the moats were partially restored.
From the main castle are preserved or reconstructed today: castle gate, keep (witch tower), archway, parts of the curtain wall and the former moat . The half tower of the former outer bailey still stands on the property next to the schoolyard.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b A tour through Rheinbach , two-page folder of the city of Rheinbach, city archive (ed.), Eifel- and Heimatverein and city of Rheinbach (red), Dieter Deindörfer (graphic), Rheinbach 2011
- ↑ Hans-Joachim Krause, Saxony and Anhalt , Volume 19, Historical Commission for the Province of Saxony and for Anhalt , Böhlaus Successor, 1997, p. 101
- ↑ a b c Information board at the Hexenturm, Eifel- und Heimatverein Eifel eV
- ↑ Visit to the Hexenturm on August 10: The nucleus of the medieval Rheinbach , July 29, 2014, Bonner General-Anzeiger
- ↑ Further castles and palaces , bonn-region.de , Tourismus & Congress GmbH Region Bonn / Rhein-Sieg / Ahrweiler
- ^ Website De Rheinbach (responsible: Dieter Oliver Bongartz, Christian Peitz)
- ^ Albert Verbeek, Schwarzrheindorf: the double church and its wall paintings , Volume 93, Rheinische Kunststätten , L. Schwann, 1953
- ↑ a b Burgkapellen in the German-speaking area , Volume 14 of publication (University of Cologne), Kunsthistorisches Institut (Cologne, Univ.), Department of Architecture, Architecture of the Kunsthistorisches Institut, 1978, p. 213
- ↑ The Roman Canal was a water pipe that brought fresh water from the Eifel to Cologne , rheintal.de , bhf media Bert P. Herfen
- ^ Yearbooks of the Association of Friends of Antiquities in the Rhineland , issues 47-49, Association of Friends of Antiquities in the Rhineland (ed.), Bonn 1869, p. 139, footnote 8
- ↑ Robert Prößler, the archbishopric of Cologne in the time of Archbishop Konrad von Hochstaden: Organizational and economic foundations in the years 1238-1261 , Janus Publishing Company, 1997, pp 204
- ↑ a b c d Christian Peitz, Rheinbach - The Unusual Becoming of a City , July 9, 2013, author network Suite101
- ↑ Volker Jost, Ritter Theoderich returns to Rheinbach , April 24, 2009, Kölnische Rundschau
- ↑ Website ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. rheinland.info , Region Cologne / Bonn e. V.
- ↑ a b Small chronicle of the city of Rheinbach on the website of the city of Rheinbach
- ↑ Information board at the Hexenturm, Eifel- und Heimatverein Eifel e. V.
Web links
- Entry by Jens Friedhoff zu Rheinbach in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute