Bark ball mushrooms
| Bark ball mushrooms | ||||||||||||
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Edged bark ball mushroom ( Biscogniauxia marginata ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Biscogniauxia | ||||||||||||
| Kuntze |
The bark ball mushrooms or coal crusts ( Biscogniauxia ) are a genus of ashlar mushrooms from the family of wooden club relatives , whose representatives grow in the bark of weakened trees. Around 50 species have been described around the world, a dozen of them in Europe.
Features and genre delimitation
Some bark ball mushrooms with flat stroma and low edges are very similar to the coal berries ( Hypoxylon ), others have convex stroma with clearly raised edges. Biscogniauxia shares with the genus Hypoxylon the disc-shaped apical ring in the ascus and the Nodulisporium -like minor fruit forms . The genus can be clearly distinguished from the coal berries on the one hand by the two-part stroma (bipartid) with an outer stroma layer that cracks open when ripe and thus exposes the ascus-bearing layer below. On the other hand, there are no pigments that dissolve in potassium hydroxide . In addition, significant charring of the fruiting body can be observed.
ecology
Without exception, all Biscogniauxia species are cortical parasites on dicotyledons. However, they are mostly weak parasites on hosts that are already weakened by drought and then form fruiting bodies when the affected parts are dying or have already died. Such fungi can also be described as facultative saprobionic , as they parasitize, but also persist on dead material. Many species are species specific. For example, the beech bark ball mushroom occurs on beech or B. cinereolilacina only on linden trees .
Bark ball mushrooms are adapted to at least temporarily dry habitats due to their way of life. Their development in the bark protects the developing stroma from drying out. Sufficient water for these fungi in the dead or dying trees is achieved through the breakdown of cellulose and the resulting production of water.
Systematics
Biscogniauxia was known as Nummularia for a long time until Miller (1961) put most species in the applanata division of the genus Hypoxylon. Pouzar then created the current concept in 1979 and 1986, which Ju and authors completed in 1998. Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze named the mushroom genus after Alfred Cogniaux .
Types (selection)
There are 12 species in Europe or can be expected there:
| Bark ball mushrooms ( Biscogniauxia ) in Europe |
European beech bark ball mushroom
Biscogniauxia nummularia
swell
literature
- Jack D. Rogers, Yu-Ming Ju, Felipe San Martín, Alfred Granmo: The genus Biscogniauxia . In: Mycotaxon . tape 66 , 1998, pp. 1-98 .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Jacques Fournier, Jean-François Magni: Biscogniauxia main page. In: Pyrenomycetes from southwestern France . December 24, 2004, accessed July 29, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c Jack D. Rogers, Yu-Ming Ju, Michael J. Adams: The genus Biscogniauxia . In: Home of the Xylariaceae . Retrieved July 29, 2012 .
- ^ Louis René Tulasne, Charles Tulasne: Selecta Fungorum Carpologia: Xylariei- Valsei- Spaeriei . tape 2 , 1863.
- ^ Julian Howell Miller: A Monograph of the World Species of Hypoxylon . University of Georgia Press, Athens (USA) 1961 (158 pages).
- ↑ Zdenek Pouzar: Notes on taxonomy and nomenclature of Nummularia (Pyrenomycetes) . In: Ceská mycology . tape 33 , no. 4 , 1979, p. 207-219 .
- ^ Zdeněk Pouzar: A key and conspectus of Central European species of Biscogniauxia and Obolarina (Pyrenomycetes) . In: Ceská Mycologie . tape 40 , 1986, pp. 1-10 .
- ↑ Yu-Ming Ju, Jack D. Rogers, Felipe San Martin, Alfred Granmo: The genus Biscogniauxia . In: Mycotaxon . tape 66 , 1998, pp. 1-98 .
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin, 2018, accessed on May 15, 2019 .
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus Biscogniauxia . In: fungiworld.com. August 3, 2006, accessed July 29, 2012 .
