Roland Lwowitsch Dobruschin
Roland Lvovich Dobruschin ( Russian Роланд Львович Добрушин , English Roland Lvovich Dobrushin ; born July 20, 1929 in Leningrad , † November 12, 1995 in Moscow ) was a Russian mathematician who mainly dealt with probability theory , information theory and statistical mechanics.
Life
After his father's death in 1935, Roland Dobruschin moved with his mother from Leningrad to Moscow. He also lost his mother in World War II and grew up with relatives. From 1947 studied at the Faculty of Mathematics and Mechanics (Mekh-Mat) of Lomonossow University , where he heard, among other things, probability theory from Eugene Dynkin and graduated in 1952. He then began to study for a doctorate with Andrei Kolmogorow , which at the time still ran into difficulties because he was Jewish (his parents also came from Germany). In 1955 he did his doctorate (candidate title) with Kolmogorow ( The local limit theorem for Markov chains ) and then taught as a lecturer at the Mekh-Mat. His habilitation was initially prevented in 1959 after he contradicted an official proposal of the Communist Party at a meeting of the management of the Mekh-Mat. He completed his habilitation in 1961 at another university (title of the thesis: Information Theory and Coding ), but remained a dissident. B. Signed letters of protest against show trials. In 1967 he left the Mekh-Mat and became head of the laboratory for coding theory at the Institute for Problems of Information Transfer (IITP) of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, where he was able to work more independently and less hindered by party positions. Here he brought together a very active group of mathematicians in a seminar led by Robert Adolfowitsch Minlos and Mark Semjonowitsch Pinsker . He also held lectures at the Physikalisch-Technische Institut on information theory and took a leading position in the seminar on statistical physics at Mekh-Mat. Due to his political stance (and his Jewish background), however, he was never accepted into the Academy of Sciences and was not allowed to travel to western countries until the end of the 1980s. After the political change he became a professor in 1991. In 1995 he got cancer. After his death, his laboratory at IITP was named after him.
Dobruschin was a student of Andrei Kolmogorow and one of the main exponents of the Russian school of probability theory, when it turned more to applications, in Dobruschin especially to statistical mechanics (infinite particle systems as a model of very large finite, lattice models such as the Ising model, thermodynamic limit transition, existence of Phase transitions) and the information theory of Claude Shannon , where in 1960 he proved a general form of Shannon's theorem about the limits of information transmission in disturbed channels, working on coding theory and the theory of queuing networks . He gave a mathematically strict definition of the Gibbs state in statistical mechanics (DLR state, for Dobrushin, Oscar Lanford , David Ruelle ) and thus proved (and with an argument by Rudolf Peierls ) the existence of phase transitions in the Ising model.
Since 1982 he has been a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , a member of the Academia Europaea and the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. In 1990 he was invited speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Kyōto ( Large deviation of Gibbsian fields ).
He was married four times and had five daughters.
Dobruschin Prize
The Institute for Problems of Information Transfer (IITP) has been awarding a $ 3,000 Dobrushin International Award for achievements in the research areas of Dobrushin (statistical physics, probability theory, information theory, mathematical and computer linguistics) annually since 2008 (biennially since 2011 ). Award winners have been:
- 2008 Robert Adolfowitsch Minlos
- 2009 Jakow Grigoryevich Sinai
- 2010 Anna Vezhbitskaya (Computer Linguistics)
- 2011 Grigori Alexandrovich Margulis
- 2013 Imre Csiszár
literature
- F. Karpelevich, E. Pechersky, Yu. Suhov: Dobrushin's approach to queuing network theory , J. Appl. Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis Vol. 9 (1996) No. 4, pp. 373-397
- A. Jaffe, J. Lebowitz, Y. Sinai: RL Dobrushin , Commun. Math. Physics Vol. 189 (1997) No. 2, pp. 259-261
- RA Minlos, Senya Shlosman, Yu. M. Suhov: On Dobrushin's Way. From Probability Theory to Statistical Physics , American Mathematical Society Translations, 2000
- Minlos et al: Dobrushin , Notices AMS 1996, PDF file
Web links
Individual evidence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Dobruschin, Roland Lwowitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Dobrushin, Roland Lvovich; Добрушин, Роланд Львович (Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian mathematician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 20, 1929 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Leningrad |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 12, 1995 |
| Place of death | Moscow |