Red three

Red three is a term used in espionage literature, which refers to the three powerful shortwave transmitters, the head of the Soviet Intelligence Service in Switzerland Alexander Radó (alias Alexander Rado stood until the end of 1943 available). It describes the groups of the Rote Kapelle in Switzerland as a collective term and for the literary creation of a "spy ring" (spy ring) . After Leopold Trepper's arrest in 1942 ( resident in France, code name: Grand Chef), the Red Three was the most productive residency of the Red Orchestra , the part of the Soviet espionage network responsible for Western Europe during World War II .

Director MOSCOW                                                                                           Switzerland     Red Three ( Alexander Rado )                                       Rachel Dübendorfer Group     George Blun Group                     Otto Pünter Group

Dossiers collected by British and US intelligence services on the following individuals are published in the UK National Archives :

• Maurice Emile Aenis-Hanslin
• Renate Bernhard-Steiner
• Leonard Beurton
• Ursula Beurton
• Paul Hooper , also known as Paul Dübendorfer and Hans Sallbach referred
• Margrit Bolli (1919-2017)
• Rachel Dübendorfer divorced Rachel Caspari , Rachel Hepner ; Code name Cissy
• Alexander Foote (1905–1957), also double agent of MI6
• Rudolf Hamburger
• Edward Hamel
• Anna Barbara Mueller
• Franz Obermanns
• Arpad Plesch
• Otto Pünter
• Hermina Rabinowitz
• Sándor Radó
• Helene Radó
• Ignace Reiss
• Henry Robinson
• Rudolf Roessler
• Christian Schneider (1896–1962)
• Karel Sedláček alias Charles Simpson: Czech.
• Jean Speiss Jean Jacques Roger Spiess
• Herzl Swiatszky
• Jean Pierre Vigier
• Tamara Vigier , daughter of Rachel Dübendorfer

literature

• Wilhelm F. Flicke: Agents radio to Moscow. Broadcast group "Rote Drei". Kreuzlingen 1954.
• Helmut Roewer , Stefan Schäfer, Matthias Uhl : Lexicon of the secret services in the 20th century . Herbig, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-7766-2317-9 .
• Alexander Foote: A Handbook for Spies. London 1949. 2nd edition 1964.
  • German: manual for spies. Leske, Darmstadt 1954.
  • From the war diary of a Soviet spy. Article series in the mirror:
    • Rudolf Augstein: Dear mirror reader . In: Der Spiegel . No. 8 , 1954, pp. 4 ( Online - Feb. 17, 1954 ).
    • Alexander Foote: Lucy versus OKH - From the war diary of a Soviet spy . In: Der Spiegel . No. 9 , 1954, pp. 25-31 ( Online - Feb. 24, 1954 ).
    • Alexander Foote: 1st continuation . In: Der Spiegel . No. 10 , 1954, pp. 21-28 ( Online - Mar. 3, 1954 ).
    • Alexander Foote: 2nd continuation . In: Der Spiegel . No. 11 , 1954, pp. 24-31 ( Online - Mar. 10, 1954 ).
    • Alexander Foote: 3rd continuation . In: Der Spiegel . No. 12 , 1954, pp. 20-27 ( Online - Mar. 17, 1954 ).
    • Alexander Foote: 4th continuation . In: Der Spiegel . No. 13 , 1954, pp. 23-30 ( Online - Mar. 24, 1954 ).
    • Alexander Foote: 5. Continuation and conclusion . In: Der Spiegel . No. 14 , 1954, pp. 23-28 ( Online - Mar. 31, 1954 ).
    • Swiss Confederation versus Lucy - An epilogue to Alexander Foote's report and a contribution to the answer to the question: "Who was Lucy?" In: Der Spiegel . No. 14 , 1954, pp. 29-33 ( Online - Mar. 31, 1954 ).
• Ruth Werner: Sonja's report. 1977. New edition: New Life, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-355-01721-3 .
• Sándor Radó: Dora reports ... Military publishing house of the GDR, Berlin 1974. Uncensored edition: Budapest 2006.
• Jean-Pierre Richardot: The other Switzerland. Federal Resistance 1940–1944. Structure, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-351-02584-X .
• Alphons Matt: Between all fronts. The Second World War from the perspective of Büro Ha. Frauenfeld, Stuttgart 1969.
• Allen Welsh Dulles : Germany's Underground. New York 2000.
• Phillip Knightley: The Story of Spies in the Twentieth Century. Structure and organization, successes and failures of the great secret services. Bern 1989.
• Klemens von Klemperer : German Resistance against Hitler. The Search for Allies Abroad 1938-1945. Oxford 1992.
• WE INVITE YOU, DEAR DORA, TO BE CALM . In: Der Spiegel . No. 4 , 1967, p. 40-41 ( Online - Jan. 16, 1967 ).

Web links

• CIA report: The Red Three
• Network AF (English). (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; accessed on July 30, 2019 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  
• UK National Archives, articles in the archive (English)
• Introduction (English)
• Recent security service files released at The National Archives (English)
• Werner Rings: Comment furent découverts les «trois rouges» (French)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8793244
2. ↑ The Perfect Spy ( English : The Ultimate Spy Book , by Dorling Kinderslay Ltd., London), The World of Secret Services, H. Keith Melton,… ISBN 3-453-11480-9 ; P. 38 “The Red Orchestra” ... Red Three.
3. ↑ http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8515243
4. ↑ http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8423658
5. ↑ ^{a b} http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8424334&SearchInit=4&CATREF=KV+2%2F1619
6. ↑ http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8368016
7. ↑ http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8424325&SearchInit=4&CATREF=KV+2%2F1610
8. ↑ http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8424340
9. ↑ http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8424338&SearchInit=4&CATREF=KV+2%2F1623
10. ↑ http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8484344
11. ↑ http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8484465
12. ↑ http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8424341
13. ↑ http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8424349&SearchInit=4&CATREF=KV+2%2F1634
14. ↑ Alexander Rado ( Memento from November 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
15. ↑ http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8424281
16. ↑ http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8424342
17. ↑ http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8424244
18. ↑ http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8424339&SearchInit=4&CATREF=KV+2%2F1624
19. ↑ http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8424336
20. ↑ ^{a b} http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATLN=6&CATID=8424337