Red-rimmed beard runner
| Red-rimmed beard runner | ||||||||||||
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Red-rimmed beard runner |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Leistus rufomarginatus | ||||||||||||
| ( Duftschmid , 1812) |
The red-rimmed whiskers ( Leistus rufomarginatus ) is a beetle from the family of ground beetles and the subfamily Nebriinae . Synonyms are Leistus otomanus Schweiger 1970 and Leistus italicus A. Fiori 1913. The genus Leistus is represented in Europe with over forty species . The red-rimmed beard belongs to the subgenus Pogonophorus along with sixteen other European species .
The generic name Leistus from ancient Greek ληίστης, leïstes ', robber' expresses that the species lives predatory. The name of the subgenus Pogonophorus from ancient Greek πώγων 'pōgon' 'beard' and φορώς 'phorós' 'bearing' means 'beard'. The expression is based on the bristles of the mouthparts that are visible from the side. The species name rufomarginatus from Latin 'rūfus' 'red' and 'marginātus' 'gerandet' refers to the red border of the pronotum.
Characteristics of the beetle
The beetle reaches a length of 7.5 to 9.5 millimeters. In the case of colored specimens, the head, breast shield and wing covers are black-brown, legs, antennae and mouthparts are lighter and reddish brown.
When looking at the head, the very wide, lamellar and only comparatively weakly sclerotized upper jaws that protrude laterally over the head are immediately apparent. They are pulled down laterally, grooved on the outside in the basal area and have a pore point with a bristle in this groove . They are sharply pointed, the right upper jaw has a tooth inside that is missing in the left. The lower jaws are widened and have three striking teeth and further tooth-like extensions as well as long bristles arranged in a row on the outer edge. The four-part jaw probes and the three-part lip probes are slender and long, their end members trimmed. The lower lip is three-toothed and thorny around the base. The upper lip also has stiff eyelashes in front. Overall, the bristles of the mouthparts in all species of the Leistus genus form a catcher that opens downwards and prevents the surprised prey (mainly springtails ) from escaping (Fig. 1). The eleven-limbed antennae are thread-shaped, the last eight limbs finely hairy. The third antenna element is only about twice as long as the second. The round eyes are hemispherical.
The heart-shaped pronotum is almost twice as wide as it is long. Its edge is set off by a wide groove (pronotum throat), which is much wider on the side than the second antennae. In contrast to the middle of the pronotum, the pronotum throat is clearly dotted and reddish brown. Towards the base, the pronotum narrows to about the width of the head.
The elytra also have a lighter but less noticeable edge. They are long and slim. At the base they have a basal tooth on the outside. Behind the base they widen quickly and become wider than the pronotum behind halfway, but shoulders are at most indicated. At the end the elytra are pointed together. They have nine distinctive dotted stripes and another, greatly shortened stripe next to the label (scutellar stripe).
The front hip cavities are open at the back. The legs are long and slim and give away the fast runner. The tarsi are all clearly five-parted.
larva
The larvae are characterized by the elongated first breast segment, the stalked head and the two long cerci . However, this applies to all larvae of the genus. In Leistus rufomarginatus the cerci have only very short bristles (Fig. 5).
biology
The species is not picky about the choice of habitat, it is enough that the humidity is high. The beetle is found primarily in the litter of damp deciduous forests, and less often in meadows and other open habitats. At higher altitudes it can also be found in coniferous forests. The animals are usually described as good fliers with fully developed wings (macropter), in other places with stunted wings (brachypter) and unable to fly. The occurrence of macropter and brachypter populations within the same species is, however, more common in ground beetles.
The adults are active in Central Europe in autumn. The species overwinters here almost exclusively as a larva and rarely as an imago.
distribution
The species is widespread in Europe and its range is expanding. The beetle is absent in the southwest ( Spain , Portugal ) and in the far north. Within Central Europe too, the frequency decreases from east to west and north. The species spread postglacial from the retreat areas in the Balkans. It was first reported in Great Britain around the middle of the 20th century and spread rapidly. Today it is most common in the south-east of the island, but found throughout England . The species has now also been reported from Scotland. The northern limit of distribution in Europe runs through Norway , Sweden and Lithuania .
literature
- Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe . tape 2 . Adephaga 1. Elsevier, Spektrum, Akad. Verl., Munich 1976, ISBN 3-87263-025-3 .
- Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer’s Käferbuch . K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition
- Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire I. Volume, KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1908
- Ekkehard Wachmann , Ralph Platen, Dieter Barndt: Ground beetles - observation, way of life . 1st edition. Naturbuch-Verlag, Augsburg 1995, ISBN 3-89440-125-7 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire, Volume I, panel 7, KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1908
- ↑ a b Leistus rufomarginatus in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved February 23, 2012
- ↑ Pogonophorus (subgenus) in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved February 23, 2012
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names.
- ↑ Dirk-Henner Lankenau: Ground Beetles (Carabidae): Hidden Inhabitants of the Siebenmühlen Valley, Indicators of Evolutionary Processes and Key Organisms of Biodiversity Heidelberg Day of Biodiversity as PDF
- ↑ N. Milasovszky, Markus Strodl: contributions to the spider and Laufkäferfaune Vienna: Studies in the Observatories Park, University of Vienna contributions to Entomofaunistik 7 21-31 Vienna, December 2006 PDF
- ↑ Ekkehard Wachmann , Ralph Platen, Dieter Barndt: ground beetle - observation, way of life . 1st edition. Naturbuch-Verlag, Augsburg 1995, ISBN 3-89440-125-7 .
- ^ S. Rushton, S. Sanderson, M. Luff, R. Fuller: Modeling the spacial dynamics of ground beetles (Carabidae) within landscapes Ann.Zool.Fennici 33: 233-241 Helsinki June 14, 1996, ISSN 0003-455X as PDF
- ↑ C. Andrews, D. Brooks: "New record of Leistus rufomarginatus (Carabidae) in the Central Highlands of Scotland" The Coleopterist, 21-23-23
