Chrodtrud

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Chrodtrud († 725 , also Hrottrudis ) was the first wife of Karl Martell and grandmother of Charlemagne .

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Karl Martell's wife

In no contemporary source is Chrotrud named as the wife of Karl Martell, the assignment can be made indirectly. The Annales mosellani mention the death of a Chrotrud in 725 ( 725: Chrotrud mortua ), and at that time this message can only mean that a woman must be a queen or the wife of one of the first dignitaries of the empire. The fact that, on the one hand, Karl Martell brought the ducal niece Svanahilde from Bavaria with him in the same year 725 and then married, gave rise to the assumption that Chrodtrud was his wife as early as the 17th century (Adrien de Valois 1638 and Jean Mabillon 1703). On the other hand, the fact that the name Rotrud appears several times among the descendants of Karl Martell (one daughter each of Charlemagne, Tassilos III. Of Bavaria, Ludwig the Pious, Lothar I, Charles the Bald and Charles the Simple) was a further indication of the marriage .

An enumeration in the Reichenau fraternity book finally gives security: the names of eight deceased men ( Karolus maior domus, Pippin rex, Karlomannus maior domus, Karolus imperator, Karlomannus, Karolus rex, Pippinus rex, Bernardus rex ) are followed by that of nine women ( Ruadtraud, Ruadheid, Suanahil regina, Berhta regina, Hiltikart regina, Fastrat regina, Liutkart regina, Ruadheid [regina], Hirminkar regina ), and it is not difficult to determine if you put both groups in two columns next to each other that the names are in the same order Carolingians on the one hand and Carolingian wives on the other hand, especially if one considers the qualification regina , queen, even if it does not apply to Svanahild regina , the wife of Karl Martell from 725. After all, Karolus major domus as the first man on the list and his wife Svanahild as the third woman can only mean that the first, Ruadtrud , in particular , is also attributable to him.

origin

The only indication of Chrotrud's family membership arises from the information that Wido, lay abbot of Saint-Wandrille († executed 739), was a close relative, propinquus , of Karl Martells. Wido is mentioned as early as 715 as the brother of Bishop Milo of Trier and Reims and as the son of St. Liutwin . If one translates propinquus as brother-in-law and relates the connection to Chrotrud, then she becomes a daughter of Liutwin and a member of the Widonen . This line of thought was published by Anton Halbedel in 1915 and has since been taken up several times, but it is only a hypothesis.

swell

literature

  • Anton Halbedel: Franconian studies, small contributions to the history and saga of German antiquity. (Historical Studies 132), 1915
  • Eduard Hlawitschka : The ancestors of Charlemagne. 1965, No. 32: Chrodtrud

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Georg Heinrich Pertz u. a. (Ed.): Scriptores (in Folio) 16: Annales aevi Suevici. Hannover 1859, p. 494 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version), analogous to Annales Laurehamenses, Annales Petaviani and Annales Nazariani
  2. ↑ a gap in the text at this point must be filled like this
  3. ↑ MGH Libri confrat., P 292, column 460
  4. ↑ The list already causes difficulties with the second name, Ruadheid , which are of no interest here.
  5. ↑ Gesta fig. Fontanel. caput 11, In: Georg Heinrich Pertz u. a. (Ed.): Scriptores (in Folio) 2: Scriptores rerum Sangallensium. Annales, chronica et historiae aevi Carolini. Hannover 1829, pp. 284–285 ( Monumenta Germaniae Historica , digitized version ).
  6. ^ Anton Halbedel, Franconian Studies
personal data
SURNAME Chrodtrud
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hrottrudis; Chrotrud
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Wife of Karl Martell and mother of Pippin the Younger
DATE OF BIRTH 7th century
DATE OF DEATH 725