Counted
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Vimba ( Vimba vimba ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Vimba vimba | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1758) |
The Pickerel ( Vimba vimba ), also Rußnase called one is indigenous swarm fish that within the family of carp fish (Cyprinidae) for generic Vimba belongs.
features
The slim fish, used as food fish, grows to around 20 to 35 cm, more rarely up to 50 cm long, 5 to 10 cm high and weighs 700 to 1,000 g. His body is elongated and slightly flattened on the sides. The tip of the head is elongated like a nose and has a black color, which gives the fish the colloquial name soot nose .
The mouth of the teeth is curved in the shape of a horseshoe and below, the lower lip is formed without horn edges and the pharyngeal teeth stand in a row. The eyes are relatively large. The dorsal fin has 11 or 12 rays, of which 3 rays are formed as spines, and the anal fin 19 to 25 rays including 3 spines. The strongly concave caudal fin is 19-rayed. The sharp keel scales behind the dorsal fin are characteristic of this fish. It has about 53 to 61 scales along the sidelines.
The back of the spike is dark gray to bluish, while the flanks are lighter and mostly reddish in color and have a silver sheen. The belly is orange to silver-white. The pectoral, ventral and anal fins are yellowish with a reddish tinted base.
Occurrence
The Zährte lives socially - partly as a standing, partly as a wandering form - especially at the bottom of the slowly flowing lower reaches of the large rivers that flow into the North Sea , the Baltic Sea , the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea . In the north they are widespread as far as southern Finland and southern Sweden ; in Denmark they are absent. Occasionally it also occurs in brackish water .
nutrition
In the quiet bank zone they look for food, which consists mainly of insect larvae and other small animals such as mussels , worms and snails . But plant-based food is also taken.
Reproduction
During the spawning season , from mid-April to the end of July, the Zährten undertake a spawning migration upstream to the barbel region . In the meantime, the males change color - they then have a black head and a black upper body up to the sideline. The ventral side is orange to red up to the mouth. The pectoral, abdominal and anal fins also glow orange to reddish, while dorsal and caudal fins then turn black to blue-black.
The spits spawn in shallow gravelly or plant-rich bank areas. Eggs are laid mostly at night and from time to time, a total of 80,000 to 300,000 sticky eggs of 1.4 mm diameter are laid on sandy or gravelly substrate where they stick. After the male has inseminated the spawn, the vultures return to their ancestral home waters. The larvae also live on the ground.
Hazard and protection
According to the IUCN , it is listed internationally as "not endangered".
literature
- Fritz Terofal, C. Militz: Freshwater fish in European waters . Mosaik, Munich 1985, ISBN 3-570-01274-3 .
Web links
- Zährte on Fishbase.org (English)
- Vimba vimba inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Posted by: Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M, 2008. Retrieved September 3, 2013.