Rubjerg Knude Fyr
| Rubjerg Knude Fyr | ||
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| Place: | Løkken | |
| Location: | North Jutland , Denmark | |
| Geographical location: | 57 ° 26 '56 " N , 9 ° 46' 27.7" E | |
| Fire carrier height : | 23 m | |
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| Identifier : | FI (x) [Gp Blk] W 30s (0.2 + 14 + 0.2 + 1.4 + 0.2 + 14) | |
| Optics: | open flame from 1948 electric |
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| Function: | deleted | |
| Operating time: | 1900-1. August 1968 | |
The Rubjerg Knude Fyr ( German lighthouse Rubjerg Knude ) was inaugurated on December 27, 1900 on the Danish coast by Rubjerg Knude behind a dune that was only two to three meters high at the time, together with four outbuildings, the caretaker's houses. It sent out a long beam of white light every half minute, followed by two short flashes. This signal could be perceived up to 42 km.
history
From 1900 to 1906 it was equipped with its own gasworks , in the following years the flame was operated with petroleum and in 1948 it was switched to electric light . The lens apparatus consisted of 134 hand-cut Fresnel lenses that had been made in Paris for 42,000 crowns . The lighthouse was manned around the clock with a lighthouse keeper, an assistant and a stoker.
From the 1910s onwards, the wind blew large amounts of sand up from the cliff, and the actual dune formed on the narrow strip between the lighthouse and the sea. The sand penetrated between the guards' houses, spilled a well and made the kitchen garden barren. Dozens of loads of sand were already being carried away at this point. In the 1950s, construction companies unsuccessfully dug large quantities of sand from the top of the ever-growing dune.
Rubjerg Knude hiked on, driven by the wind, and finally reached a height of about 50 m. The lighthouse could no longer be seen from the sea. Operations ceased on August 1, 1968. An immediate replacement was not necessary because of the improved navigation technology.
The sand drift was supposed to be stopped by pine branches that were stuck into the dune. As a result, even more sand was held and the dune was higher. Planting beach grass could not stop the growth any longer. After all attempts to stop the shifting dune had failed, the Danish government decided in the early 1990s to put the entire area under nature protection and let the sand wander freely.
In 1994 and 1996 the roofs of two buildings were removed because there was a risk that they could collapse under the weight of the sand, which could have harmed people.
In January 2003, the roof was removed from the fourth and last house. The lighthouse itself was less sunk into the sand. Downdrafts on the tower facades formed an initially small hollow around the base, which over the years developed into a depression up to ten meters deep (→ Windkolk ). In 2004 the first outbuilding reappeared, largely destroyed due to the sand load.
The dune moves north-east and flattens out over the years. She had completely passed the lighthouse around 2012. Only loose bricks are left of the outbuildings; a small concrete wall was built to stabilize the demolition edge. If it had not been relocated, the tower itself would probably have fallen down the cliff by 2021 to 2023 at the latest, as the coastal demolition has doubled in recent years and was around five meters a year at the time of the estimate.
In May 2015, the Danish Nature Agency and the non-profit Realdania Foundation announced that the lighthouse at the old location should be reopened to visitors. For this, the visitor parking lot was improved, the tower received a new spiral staircase and a man-high kaleidoscope illuminates the interior of the tower. The project cost around 4.4 million crowns (600,000 euros). Construction work began in summer 2015, and the lantern house was removed in October. In the meantime, the lantern house has been put back on and the lighthouse can be freely climbed via an internal staircase.
Shifting the tower
In November 2017, the Danish nature authority expected that the tower would soon fall into the North Sea due to the fact that the tower is now only eight meters from the sea. If the distance had shrunk to five meters, access to the tower would have had to be blocked for security reasons. A winter storm could have caused this situation. The nature authority ( Naturstyrelsen ) as the owner wanted to prevent the fall into the sea and dismantle the building. In autumn 2018, politicians from the municipality of Hjørring decided to move the tower 60 to 80 meters inland.
The Danish government made five million kroner available for this. The area around the lighthouse was closed from August 14, 2019 and preparations began. On October 22, 2019, the lighthouse was moved about 70 meters.
photos
The lighthouse in the 1970s
1995
2002
2007
2009
The completely free lighthouse 2012
Autumn 2015: Removal of the lantern house
Rubjerg Knude Fyr 2019
Information board for relocating the lighthouse
Strandfogedgården
In 1980, Vendsyssel Historiske Museum opened a sand and drifting sand museum in the rooms of the former lighthouse keeper's apartment . It had to be closed on August 31, 2002 due to silting.
From 2007 to 2009 a new exhibition on the natural and cultural history of Rubjerg Knude was developed in the Alte Strandvogtei ( Strandfogedgården ). It is open every day in July and August (except Mondays). The Strandvogtei is located on the main Rubjergvej road , about two kilometers south of the car park to the shifting dune.
literature
- Steen Andersen, Steen Sjørring (Red.): Det nordlige Jylland . In: Geologisk set . 2nd Edition. tape 3 . Geografforlaget, Brenderup 1997, ISBN 87-7702-055-3 .
Web links
- Visit Nordjylland: Rubjerg Knude Fyr. In: visitnordjylland.de.
- Natural and cultural history by Rubjerg Knude. Vendsyssel Historiske Museum(German, Danish, English).
- Internet exhibition for children. Vendsyssel Historiske Museum(German, Danish, English).
- Rubjerg Knude Fyr. In: Structurae International Database for Structures and Civil Engineers
Individual evidence
- ^ Rubjerg Knude. In: fyrtaarne.dk. Retrieved September 26, 2019 (Danish).
- ↑ Jens Holm: Endnu et vartegn tæt på at styrte i havet. In: nordjyske.dk. April 29, 2013, accessed September 26, 2019 (Danish).
- ^ Poul Christoffersen: Op over Rubjerg Knude. Realdania project can give guests unik naturoplevelse. In: nordjyske.dk. May 22, 2015, accessed September 26, 2019 (Danish).
- ↑ Ny adgang til Rubjerg Knude. In: realdania.dk. May 21, 2015, accessed September 26, 2019 (Danish).
- ↑ Götz Bonsen: Jutland's most famous lighthouse shortly before falling into the sea. In: SHZ.de. November 4, 2017. Retrieved September 26, 2019 .
- ↑ Lighthouse in Jutland is being relocated. In: spiegel.de. November 15, 2018, accessed September 26, 2019 .
- ↑ Spectacular rescue operation: Rubjerg Knude Fyr lighthouse is moving
- ↑ A lighthouse is moving. In: spiegel.de. October 22, 2019, accessed October 22, 2019 .
- ↑ The cultural and natural history of Rubjerg Knude. Vendsyssel Historiske Museum, accessed September 26, 2019 .