Rudolf Kalvach
Rudolf Kalvach (born December 22, 1883 in Vienna , † March 14, 1932 in Kosmonosy , Czech Republic ) was an Austrian graphic artist .
life and work
On December 22nd, 1883, Rudolf Kalvach was probably the second of seven children of the married couple Peter Kalvach and Adelheid Sofie, née. Kögl, born in Vienna . In October 1900 Rudolf Kalvach entered the arts and crafts school of the Imperial and Royal Austrian Museum of Art and Industry as a regular student . Kalvach first attended the figurative department of Alfred Roller's preparatory school . After completing the general department at the School of Applied Arts, Kalvach continued his studies in the technical school for painting under Felician von Myrbach, who was represented by Kolo Moser from March 1904 . From 1904/05 he did military service as a one-year volunteer in the Austro-Hungarian army. 1905/06 Kalvach continued his studies in the technical school for painting and drawing, which was now headed by Carl Otto Czeschka .
In 1906 and 1907 Rudolf Kalvach achieved an artistic breakthrough. In December 1906 Kalvach took part in the group exhibition The Boys at the Vienna Galerie Miethke. 21 postcards and three picture sheets were printed by the Wiener Werkstätte based on Kalvach's designs . Beginning of the 16-part woodcut series Triester Hafenleben.
Most recently he studied with Berthold Löffler at the Vienna School of Applied Arts . Rudolf Kalvach completed his studies in June 1908.
On April 21, 1908, Rudolf Kalvach and Marie Klarer married in Trieste, where their daughter Olga was born four days later. Since Kalvach's family lives in Trieste , the artist regularly commuted between Vienna and the then Austrian port city.
Rudolf Kalvach designed his famous poster for the 1908 art show in Vienna. From 1909/10 until 1912 Kalvach attended the special course for enamel work with Adele von Stark as an intern at the School of Applied Arts . On September 1, 1909, son Enrico was born in Trieste, but died in the first year of life. In December 1909 Kalvach was represented in the first exhibition of the Neukunstgruppe in the Vienna Salon Pisko and in January 1910 at the second exhibition of the Neukunstgruppe in the Club of German Women Artists in Prague.
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Daughter Elena was born in Vienna on December 22nd, 1910.
In the Wiener Werkstätte, enamel work by Kalvach by Josef Hoffmann and Eduard Wimmer-Wisgrill was used as decoration for boxes and cassettes as well as for jewelry. In the summer of 1911 Rudolf Kalvach went on a study trip to Northern Europe, financed by the Albert Freiherr von Rothschild Jubilee Foundation. In May 1912 Kalvach fell ill with catatonic schizophrenia and was admitted to the Am Steinhof psychiatric institution in Vienna. On December 7th, daughter Carlotta was born in Trieste.
From April to May 1913 works by Rudolf Kalvach as well as by Hilde Exner and Nora von Zumbusch, nee. Exner, shown.
On September 19, 1915, Rudolf Kalvach was released from the psychiatric institution. In the following years he was able to work artistically again. In 1916 Kalvach was registered as a member of the Austrian Werkbund with a residential address in Trieste. Daughter Eleonora was born in Trieste on October 16.
Kalvach was called up for military service in Königgrätz in 1917 , but was released after three days. In September he took part in the Austrian art exhibition at Liljevalchs Konsthall in Stockholm.
In March 1918, woodcuts by Kalvach were exhibited at the 49th exhibition of the Vienna Secession organized by Egon Schiele . On November 28th daughter Maria saw the light of day in Trieste. In 1920 Kalvach tried, without great success, to produce opaque enamel overlay on glass for the Lobmeyr glass factory in the Bohemian town of Stein-Schönau. Because Kalvach was responsible for Reichenau in Bohemia, he was declared a Czechoslovak citizen. Daughter Margherita was born on July 18th in Trieste.
In April 1921 Kalvach was again admitted to the Steinhof psychiatric institution. After five years in Steinhof, the artist was transferred to the psychiatric clinic in Kosmonosy (Kosmanos) in what is now the Czech Republic. The reason for this was his Czech citizenship. Kalvach's father was a train driver for the Southern Railway Company and came from Reichenau an der Knieschna , not far from Königgrätz / Hradec Králové, in north-eastern Bohemia.
On March 14, 1932, Rudolf Kalvach died of tuberculosis in Kosmonosy (Kosmanos) and was buried in the local cemetery. The grave has not been preserved. A plaque commemorates him in the entrance area of the administration building of today's Psychiatrická Léčebna Kosmonosy .
exhibition
In 2012, the Leopold Museum Vienna presented the complete works of Rudolf Kalvach for the first time in the special exhibition Fantastic! Rudolf Kalvach. Vienna and Trieste around 1900 (from June 7th to September 10th 2012).
literature
- Hanna Egger: Expressive and decorative graphics in Vienna between 1905 and 1925, R. Kalvach + H. Mailler. Austrian Museum for Applied Art, Vienna 1979. (With a contribution from Rudolf Kalvach - Life and Work of Andrea and Giorgio Uboni).
- Tobias G. Natter, Roberto Festi, Franz Smola (eds.): Fantastic! Rudolf Kalvach. Vienna and Trieste around 1900 . With a list of all works. Silvana, Milano 2012, ISBN 978-88-366-2391-4 .
Web links
- Entry on Rudolf Kalvach in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
- Website of the Leopold Museum for the Kalvach exhibition 2012
- Bernhard Denscher: The fantastic work of Rudolf Kalvach
Individual evidence
- ↑ Contrary to the general literature, Kalvach did not die on March 13, 1932, but on March 14. The Kosmonosy town cemetery directory and the psychiatric hospital index books confirm the date of death on March 14, 1932.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Kalvach, Rudolf |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian graphic artist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 22, 1883 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Vienna |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 13, 1932 |
| Place of death | Kosmonosy , Czech Republic |