Alfred Roller

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Self-portrait, 1921
Grave of Alfred Roller in the Vienna Central Cemetery, May 2018

Alfred Roller (born October 2, 1864 in Brno , Moravia , Austrian Empire ; died June 21, 1935 in Vienna ) was an Austrian set designer , painter and graphic artist .

family

Alfred Roller was the eldest of eight children of Joseph Roller (1833–1893) and his wife Charlotte nee. Lauer (1840-1904). The father was a painter and draftsman as well as the director of the kk I. German state secondary school in Brno. After his father's death in 1893, Alfred took on the role of head of the family for the younger siblings Marianne (1866–1944), Ernst (1868–1925), Claudine (1869–1870), Paul (1875–1914), Helene (1876–1945) , Elisabeth married Tonner (1878–1948) and Margarete (“Gretl”) (1881–1945).

On July 21, 1906, he married the student of the applied arts school Mileva Antonia Stoisavljevic (1886–1949), the daughter of the Austrian artillery officer Miloš Stoisavljevic, who came to Austria-Hungary as a Serb from Velika Popina in Croatia, and his wife, the teacher the Vienna Women's Academy for Porcelain Painting Adelheid ("Adele") Paukert-Hohenauer. Mileva's younger brother Raoul Stoisavljevic (1887-1930) was a pilot in the Imperial and Royal Luftfahrtruppen .

Mileva and Alfred Roller became parents of two sons. Dietrich (1909–2001) became a doctor, Ulrich (1911–1941) became a set designer and died as a soldier in Stolpovo near Kaluga ( Soviet Union ) during the Russian campaign shortly after Christmas 1941. Alfred, Mileva and Dietrich Roller were buried in the Vienna Central Cemetery (Ev . Dept. Gate 4 Group 5 No. 40/41).

Live and act

Roller studied from 1884 to 1893 at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts . During this time he became a member of the association of German art academics Athenaia. In 1897 he was co-founder and in 1902 President of the Vienna Secession , from which he separated in 1905.

From 1900 to 1903 he was employed as a "provisional teacher" at the Vienna School of Applied Arts . He worked there as a professor in the "General Department and in the Department of Figure Drawing". Roller took a leave of absence from the arts and crafts school between 1903 and 1909 in order to be able to work at the Vienna State Opera as the "director of furnishings". In 1903 he was responsible for the set design for the new production of Tristan and Isolde (this production was performed unchanged until 1943). In 1909 he returned to the arts and crafts school as director and held this post until 1934, when he was 70 years old. He died a year later.

In 1903 Gustav Mahler brought him to the Vienna Court Opera as the successor to Heinrich Lefler and, in a congenial collaboration with Mahler, reformed scenic art in the sense of the idea of ​​a total work of art (interaction of space, color and light with music, words and gestures). After 1909 he worked as a set designer for the Burgtheater, among other things . Roller was responsible for the equipment for all Richard Strauss premieres in Vienna . Later there was a close collaboration with Max Reinhardt , with whom he was also a teacher at the Reinhardt Seminar in Vienna from 1929 .

Probably the best-known admirer of Roller's work was Adolf Hitler , who originally wanted to do an apprenticeship with Roller in 1908 after moving from Linz to Vienna. For this purpose, a friend from Linz wrote a letter of recommendation to Roller. Werner Maser wrote in his Hitler biography that Roller then received Hitler for a conversation and put him to a sculptor named Panholzer. According to the research of Brigitte Hamann ( Hitler's Vienna , 1998), however, Hitler missed this opportunity: After he had already presented to the court opera, he left it again, so that an encounter with the scooter he admired did not take place. He met Roller twenty-five years later, after he had already become German Chancellor .

In 1920, Roller, together with Richard Strauss and Max Reinhardt, founded the Salzburg Festival and created the first set for Hugo von Hofmannsthal's Jedermann . In the year before his death in 1934, at Hitler's request, Roller created the sets for the Bayreuth Parsifal .

The Austrian theater painter, set and costume designer Robert Kautsky was Roller 's assistant for many years from the 1920s.

gallery

  • Cover Ver Sacrum , No. 1, 1898

  • Brno , 1907

  • Poster for the IX. Exhibition of the Vienna Secession, 1901

  • Poster for XIV. Exhibition of the Vienna Secession, 1902

  • Stage design for Elektra , 1909

  • Stage design for Faust II , 1911

literature

Web links

Commons : Alfred Roller  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Manfred Wagner: Alfred Roller in his time. Residence, Salzburg and Vienna 1996
  2. ^ Evan Baker, Oskar Pausch: The Alfred Roller Archive (= Mimundus: Scientific series of the Austrian TheaterMuseum; Volume 4). Böhlau, Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-205-98312-2 , p. 10 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  3. ↑ http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?aid=ibn&date=19300905&query=%22Stoisavljevic%22&ref=anno-search&seite=1
  4. ^ Austrian National Library: ANNO, Das Vaterland, 1892-04-29, page 6. Retrieved on May 27, 2017 .
  5. ^ Austrian National Library: ANNO, Arbeiter Zeitung, 1927-07-11, page 3. Accessed on May 27, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Austrian National Library: ANNO, Salzburger Volksblatt: independent. Daily newspaper f. City u. State of Salzburg, 1929-02-14, page 8. Retrieved May 27, 2017 .
  7. ↑ http://issuu.com/innsbruckinformiert/docs/_innsbrucker_stadtnachrichten_199009_nr09_sum - page 35
  8. ^ Ulrich Roller estate directory
  9. ↑ Manfred Wagner: Alfred Roller in his time. Residence, Salzburg and Vienna 1996, p. 34 f.
  10. ^ From Art and Teaching at the Beginning of Modernism - The Vienna School of Applied Arts 1867 - 1918 . Vienna 1986, p. 296.
personal data
SURNAME Roller, Alfred
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian set designer and painter
DATE OF BIRTH October 2, 1864
PLACE OF BIRTH Brno , Moravia
DATE OF DEATH June 21, 1935
Place of death Vienna