Pine-Spei-Täubling

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Pine-Spei-Täubling
Pine-spei-deaf (Russula silvestris)

Pine-spei-deaf ( Russula silvestris )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Pine-Spei-Täubling
Scientific name
Russula silvestris
( Singer ) Reumaux
Underside of the fruiting body

The forest or pine-Spei-Täubling ( Russula silvestris , Syn . : Russula emetica f. Silvestris ) is a fungus from the family of the Täubling related . It is a rather small, fragile, sharp blubber, which usually has a cherry-red colored hat and for a long time was only considered a variety of the very similar cherry red-Spei blubber . The fungus is usually found under pine trees on sandy or silicate soils.

features

Macroscopic features

The Kiefern-Spei-Täubling has a relatively small, fragile fruiting body. The very brittle and fragile hat is about 3–6 cm wide. When young, his hat is hemispherical, later arched or flattened, and with age it is often somewhat depressed in the middle and bent wavy at the edge. The hats of young fruit bodies are lively carmine to cherry red, in the middle also orange-red, but soon fade to pink tones or almost white. The hat skin, which is young and / or greasily shiny when wet, can be peeled off up to 2/3 or even almost completely. When dry it is rather dull. The flesh under the skin is white. The edge of the hat is grooved to slightly furrowed to about 1/3 of the radius length of ripe fruiting bodies.

The lamellas, which are quite distant in old age, are barely forked, very bulbous and rounded or narrow on the stem. They are white and have a faint bluish green reflex. The spore powder is also pure white ( Ia after Romagnesi ).

The white stem is 3–5 (–7) cm long and 0.5–1.3 cm wide. It is easily compressible and very fragile. Towards the base, the stem can turn ocher to yellowish with age. The stem bark is finely veined.

The brittle, white flesh has a faint but typical coconut odor. It tastes very hot, but often only after a few seconds. With iron sulfate , the meat turns pale pink, with guaiac it reacts weakly and turns pale gray-green in color, and with a 10% formalin solution both the stem bark and the meat turn pink.

Microscopic features

The round to broadly elliptical spores are 7–9.7 µm long and 6.5–8.2 µm wide and have distant, strong, mostly over 1 µm high thorns that are mostly finely networked, but only indistinctly connected in places. The clubbed to bulbous basidia are 30–50 µm long and 10–12 µm wide and each have 4 sterigms. The cheilocystids are 35–60 µm long and 6–9 µm wide. They are spindle-shaped and partially appendiculated at the tip, that is, provided with a small appendage. The pleurocystidia are 58–110 long and 10–12 µm wide, club-shaped or rounded, and the tip is usually appendiculated or cephalad or pointed. All cystides are numerous and can be stained with sulfovanillin.

The narrow ends of the hyphae cells are 1.5–3 µm wide, simply septate, rarely branched and often narrowed at the tip and sometimes wavy. The walls of the hyphae are gelatinized, with the 6–10 µm wide and mostly club-shaped pileocystids in between , which are also stained with sulfovanillin or sulfobenzaldehyde. They are usually septated one to four times. The outer cells are often shorter. There are vacuole pigments in the cap skin, but not membrane pigments.

Species delimitation

The Kiefern-Spei-Täubling stands between the cherry-red Spei-Täubling and the beech-Spei-Täubling . It differs from the cherry-red Spei-Täubling mainly in its smaller fruiting bodies, the more distant, slightly bluish green lamellae and the often pinkish fading hat.

It usually differs from the Buchen-Spei-Täubling by its location. However, if it occurs once in a mixed forest with beech and pine trees strewn in between, it is difficult to distinguish the two pigeons macroscopically. The beech-Spei-Täubling has firmer flesh, a dark blue-green guaiac reaction and a hat skin that is only half peelable. He also lacks the green reflex in the lamellas, but his meat has a typical honey smell. Microscopically, the two species differ in that the Kiefern-Spei-Täubling has the significantly larger spores with higher ornamentation.

ecology

The Kiefern-Spei-Täubling is like all deafeners a mycorrhizal fungus , which preferably enters into a symbiotic partnership with pines and spruces. A closer or exclusive connection to conifers does not seem to exist.

One could also call the Täubling the "Sandboden-Spei-Täubling". He is the typical Speitäubling of the north German lowlands. It mostly occurs in light spruce-fir and spruce-birch-oak mixed forests as well as in pine and spruce forests. It prefers dry to only moderately fresh, well-ventilated, acidic, sandy or silicate soils rich in raw humus or moderate humus, which are often covered by a thick layer of needles. The fungus is often found between common white moss ( Leucobryum glaucum ) or woman's hair moss posters ( Polytrichum sp. ). The fruiting bodies appear between June and October.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the Kiefern-Spei-Täubling.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The distribution of the Bluebird is uncertain as it is often indistinguishable from the Cherry Red Spei Bluebird. However, it seems to be widespread throughout Europe, even if it is likely to be very rare in large areas. There is no reliable evidence from Poland, although the Kiefern-Spei-Täubling is not uncommon in East Germany. Probably it is not differentiated here from Russula emetica . Since 2009 there are several records as Russula aff. silvestris . Since the Speitäubling occurs mainly on sandy soils, it is likely to be more common in the north German lowlands than in southern Germany. The Täubling is common in Switzerland, but not often.

    Systematics

    Inquiry systematics

    The Kiefern-Spei-Taubling is placed in the subsection Emeticinae (Syn .: Russula subsect. Russula ), a subsection of the Russula section . The subsection contains small to medium-sized, fragile species with red or pink hats and white spore powder. The pigeons taste very hot and have a pleasant, mostly fruity smell.

    meaning

    Like all deafnesses from the sub-section Emetica , the pine-spei- deafness is also slightly poisonous.

    literature

    • Russula silvestris - Partial Russula Database. In: cbs.knaw.nl. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, 2011, accessed May 22, 2011 .
    • Henri Romagnesi: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord . essai sur la valeur taxinomique et specifique des caractères morphologiques et microchimiques des spores et des revêtements. Bordas, Paris 1967, p. 404 f . (French, online ).

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ Synonyms of Russula silvestris. In: speciesfungorum.org. Index Fungorum, 2011, accessed May 22, 2011 .
    2. ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 558.
    3. ↑ a b c Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988) (PDF, 1.4 MB): English translation by M. Bons Russula key: . The Russulales website. P. 20. Archived from the original on July 28, 2010. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
    4. ↑ a b c d Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 168.
    5. ↑ a b H.Jahn: Der Spei-Täubling (Russula emetica ss. Lato) (PDF; 288 kB) In: wwwuser.gwdg.de . Retrieved May 23, 2011.
    6. ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula silvestris. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved October 6, 2012 .
    7. ↑ Belgian Species List 2012 - Russula silvestris. In: species.be. Retrieved June 7, 2012 .
    8. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; 592 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
    9. ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 292 ( online [accessed August 31, 2011]).
    10. ↑ Karel Tejkal: Russula silvestris. In: www.myko.cz. Retrieved February 6, 2016 (cz).
    11. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula silvestris. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on December 26, 2015 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
    12. ↑ DM Dimou, GI Zervakis & E. Polemis: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: IV. Macrofungi from Abies cephalonica forests and other intermixed tree species (Oxya Mt., central Greece). In: [Mycotaxon] . Vol: 104, 2008, p. 39–42 (English, mycotaxon.com [PDF; 599 kB ]).
    13. ↑ a b Russula silvestris. In: grzyby.pl. Retrieved February 6, 2016 .
    14. ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula silvestris. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved October 6, 2012 .
    15. ↑ Russula emetica var. Silvestris in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
    16. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula emetica. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 6, 2012 .
    17. ↑ a b Distribution Atlas of Fungi in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; accessed on February 8, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsl.ch

    Web links

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