Rutulian language

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Rutulian

Spoken in

Dagestan ( Russian Federation ), Azerbaijan
speaker 36,400 (2010)
Linguistic
classification
Official status
Recognized minority /
regional language in
Dagestani flag Dagestan
Language codes
ISO 639 -1

-

ISO 639 -2

cau

ISO 639-3

rut

The Rutulische (proper name: məχanid tʃ'al ) belongs to lesgischen group of ( Northeast Caucasian ) nachisch-Dagestani languages.
About 36,400 (status: 2010) rutulas are spoken of, of which 30,4000 are in Russia and there mainly in the autonomous republic of Dagestan , but also in Azerbaijan by 6,000 rutulas (status: 2015) in the districts of Qax and Shaki. Since 1990 Rutulian has been written using the Cyrillic alphabet .

As written languages serve speakers of Rutulischen next Lezgi , Azerbaijani and Russian .

Linguistic characteristics

Rutulian has pharyngealized vowels.

It has 4 nominal classes and is an ergative language .

Linguistic situation

Rutulian (No. 12) in the environment of the Northeast Caucasian language family

The Rutulian language is threatened with extinction as it is under strong assimilation pressure from Azerbaijani .

literature

  • ME Alekseev: Rutul'skij jazyk . In: Kavkazskie jazyki . Academia, Moscow 1999, ISBN 5-87444-079-8 , pp. 409-420.
  • Adolf Dirr: Introduction to the study of the Caucasian languages . Verlag der Asia Major , Leipzig 1928 (reprint 1978), pp. 304-318.
  • George Hewitt: Introduction to the Study of the Languages ​​of the Caucasus . LINCOM Europe, Munich 2004, p. 28.
  • G. Ch. Ibragimov: Rutul'skij jazyk . Nauka, Moscow 1978.

Individual evidence

  1. a b Rutulian at Ethnologue
  2. According to the Dagestan Constitution, "Russian and the Languages ​​of the Peoples of Dagestan" are official languages. In fact , this applies at least to written languages, but also to languages ​​such as Rutulian, which have only recently been written. See also Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use : Respublika Dagestan. Land of Mountains: Mountain of Languages , 2004 (PDF; 307 kB), p. 5
  3. Published in: Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages. Edited by Christopher Moseley. London & New York: Routledge, 2007. 211-280.
  4. ^ UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World's Languages ​​in Danger

Web links