Baggensstäket
Baggensstäket ( German Der Baggensstäk ) (also Baggarstäket or Södra stäket ) is a sound in the Stockholm archipelago . It is located between Värmdö and the mainland (the Skogsö peninsula ). It represents a fairway between Baggensfjärden and Lännerstasund . The fairway continues in a northerly direction over the Skurusund to Stockholm. The sound is narrow and shallow and can only be passed by small boats that should have a maximum draft of three meters. The narrowest part of the sound , Knapens hål , is only 20 meters wide. On its southern side, the sound partially touches the Skogsö nature reserve .
history
The Baggensstäk was called Harstäket or Hargstäket in the Middle Ages , this is probably related to the oldest name in Boo , Hargsö . This was the southern fairway between Stockholm and the Baltic Sea . From the 13th century the main fairway ran via Baggensstäket, Lännerstaviken , Järlasjön to Hammarby and then on via Lännerstaviken and Skurusund. The Baggensstäk was the main fairway to Stockholm until the end of the Middle Ages. After that, land elevations made seafaring difficult , another reason was that the ships got bigger and bigger and consequently also had a greater draft. It is likely that the fairway was made impassable by introducing underwater obstacles, as was the case with the defense of Stockholm in the entire archipelago. There are reports that these obstacles were brought there in the war years from 1518 to 1520. Only King Gustav Wasa ordered that the fairway be made passable again.
Gustav Wasa's successor, King Erik XIV , ordered that all foreign ships should be checked in Vaxholm and that customs should be levied by them for all goods that they wanted to bring to Stockholm. Many skippers wanted to bypass this regulation and loaded their goods onto smaller ships and let them pass through the baggage. In this way it became a very popular smuggling route at the time. The later King of Sweden, Charles IV , who at that time still acted as imperial administrator , decreed in 1602 that a customs post should also be set up in Baggensstäk. The station was built at the narrowest point of the sound. Today this is called Knapens hål , after the first customs inspector who was employed there, Olof Knaap . In 1680 the customs posts were moved from Vaxholm and Baggensstäk to Blockhusudden .
The owner of the Boo manor, the architect Nicodemus Tessin , offered to deepen the baggensstäk at his own expense, for which he wanted part of the customs revenue. For this purpose, the dredging rod was to be blocked with floating obstacles which the ships could not pass. In 1704 he received permission to carry out his project. This was done with a lot of work. An old source reports 90 prisoners, 40 people from Dalarna, 12 loggers, 24 horses and coachmen who were involved in the implementation of the measure. In April 1705 the work was finished, but Nicodemus Tessin had not succeeded in bringing the canal to the depth he had promised.
The last great plague epidemic came to Sweden via the Baggensstäk in 1710 . This raged there until 1714. A boat from Pärnu in Estonia had the infection on board. When the skipper died in Erstavikskrogen and was buried there, the plague was able to gain a foothold in the country.
In 1719 a Russian fleet attempted to penetrate Stockholm as part of the Russian devastation in order to capture it. However, they were repulsed by the Swedish troops at the last line of defense, in the battle at Södra Stäket . Shortly afterwards, the hill at Stäkets Krog began to be restored. In the following year, a redoubt was built at Lilla Stäket and another, a little north of it, on a mountain. Another year later, in 1721, the Stäket Redoute was built on the Skogsö side. After peace was concluded, all defenses fell into disrepair, so that temporary fortifications had to be built in their place from 1742 to 1743.
During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the proposal was made to widen and deepen the fairway in order to provide a comfortable sailing route south of Stockholm. But this proposal was rejected again because the associated costs appeared to be too high. As an alternative, the Wallenberg family dug an approximately one kilometer long canal near Moranviken in 1893 .
In 1905, the Stockholm Association for Fixed Defense Systems erected a memorial stone with two cannons on the southern side of Baggensstäk. This should remember the brave rescuers of Stockholm on August 13, 1719 during the battle of Södra Stäket.
Between the years 1853 and 1947 the Gustavsbergsbolaget company took over the supervision of the Baggensstäk and the maintenance of the fairway. The company made sure that the traffic worked, in return they levied a fee that owners of vehicles with great draft had to pay. Around 1870, a guard house was built for this purpose. From there, the canal guard collected the fees around the clock with a kind of landing net. This continued until 1945, when the last canal watch retired. In 1947 the pilot company and later the maritime company were given responsibility for overseeing the canal. In autumn 1985 the canal was dredged and widened and the quay was repaired.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Baggensstäket . In: Bernhard Meijer (Ed.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 2 : Armatoler – Bergsund . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1904, Sp. 660 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
- ↑ Nackaboken. In: Karin Calissendorff: Ortnamn i Boo och Saltsjöbaden. Särtryck ur Nackaboken, 1974.
- ↑ a b c d e f arkeologiuv.se. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on August 13, 2010 ; Retrieved July 23, 2013 (Swedish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 59 ° 18 ′ 8 ″ N , 18 ° 16 ′ 55 ″ E