SŽD series ОР22
| SŽD series ОР22 (OR22) | |
|---|---|
 OP22-01
|
|
| Numbering: | SŽD OP22.01 |
| Number: | 1 |
| Manufacturer: | el. Moscow electrical machine factory Dynamo mech. Kolomna locomotive factory |
| Year of construction (s): | 1938 |
| Axis formula : | Co'Co ' |
| Gauge : | 1,520 mm |
| Length over coupling: | 16,480 mm |
| Service mass: | 132 t |
| Wheel set mass : | 22 t |
| Top speed: | 85 km / h |
| Hourly output : | 2,040 kW |
| Continuous output : | 1,800 kW |
| Power system : | 20 kV 50 Hz ~ |
| Power transmission: | Overhead line |
| Number of traction motors: | 6th |
| Particularities: | 1. Electric locomotive of the USSR for alternating current with industrial frequency |
The SŽD series ОР22 (German transcription OR 22 ) of the Soviet Railways (SŽD) was a six-axle test electric locomotive for operation on main roads with alternating current . It is considered by the SŽD to be the first electric locomotive for routes with alternating current , after the Kando locomotives appeared on the same basis a few years earlier . The locomotive had the status of a test locomotive and was not built in series.
history
The electric locomotive with the designation ОР22 is the very first electric locomotive built in the former USSR for alternating current with industrial frequency . The name is derived from о днофазный с р тутным выпрямителем (single-phase overhead line with mercury- based rectifier ), the axle pressure was 22 t. The drive concept chosen for the locomotive (transformer - rectifier - traction motors, regulation of the voltage on the low-voltage side) proved to be successful through its implementation. After the end of the Great Patriotic War , this drive concept was then used in many other locomotives. The locomotive had a contactless regulation of the voltage by thyratron tubes . Their fate was also predetermined by their late emergence; With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War the operation of the machine was stopped, the rectifiers of the locomotive were used in a substation for direct current . After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the USSR began to build electric locomotives with stepped regulation according to a similar scheme ( SŽD series ВЛ61 ) in 1954 .
Prehistory to the appearance of the electric locomotive
Work on the electrification of the railway lines over the Suramipass began around 1920 . It was already clear to many specialists that the electrification with direct current and rated voltage of 3 kV was not a permanent solution to the question of increasing the transportability of the lines with regard to the weight of the trains and their speed. Calculations made at the time showed that if a train with a mass of 10,000 t was driven on an incline of ten per thousand at a speed of 50 km / h, the traction current of the locomotives would be more than 6,000 A. In return, this required an increase in the diameter of the contact wire and an increase in the number of substations. After comparing around 200 variants of power connections and the size of the voltage, the 50 Hz and 20 kV alternating current version was considered to be the optimal solution. Since this system could not be tested on a large scale at that time, the construction of a test section, electrified with 50 Hz alternating current and a voltage of 20 kV, was accepted at the 1st All Union Conference on the electrification of the railways . This required the production of a test locomotive for the operation of this section, which should show the advantages or inadequacies of the operation of electric locomotives under operating conditions.
See also
literature
- Vitaly Alexandrovich Rakov: Опытный электровоз переменного тока ОР22-01 . Transport, Moskva 1995, ISBN 5-277-00821-7 .