Kolomna locomotive factory
| ОАО Kolomenski zavod
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| legal form | Open joint-stock company |
| founding | 1863 |
| Seat | Kolomna , Russia |
| management | Nikolai Simonov |
| Number of employees | approx. 6500 |
| Branch | Rail vehicle construction |
| Website | www.kolomnadiesel.com |
The Kolomna locomotive factory ( ОАО «Коло́менский заво́д» , Kolomenski sawod; meanwhile, the diesel locomotive factory "WW Kuibyshev" ) is one of the oldest mechanical engineering companies in Russia . It is located in Kolomna in Russia and mainly supplied the SŽD with steam and diesel locomotives , more recently the RŽD with diesel and electric locomotives .
history
Development during the steam locomotive era
The history of the plant goes back to 1863, when the construction of the railway line from Moscow to Ryazan near Kolomna had to build several large railway bridges over the rivers Moskva and Oka . From the bridge workshops (founded by the Struwe brothers ) at that time, a machine factory developed which specialized in the delivery of locomotives, freight wagons , water supply systems, turntables and the like. The first steam locomotive was manufactured in 1873 based on foreign drawings. Soon after, own designs followed. By 1916, more than 6,000 steam locomotives in 148 versions were produced. Many of them were mass-produced.
The construction of railroad cars began in 1865 and was discontinued in 1930. More than 71,000 freight wagons and over 3,200 passenger coaches left the factory during that time. But other branches of production also developed; In addition to the construction of bridges (several bridges were built over the Moskva , Dnepr and Neva by 1915 ), 128 passenger steamers were built from 1878 to 1931 and 85 diesel-powered ships for river navigation from 1907 to 1933. In addition, equipment for agriculture, such as tractors , harvesters and other equipment for other branches of the business, were part of the product profile.
Locomotive construction, however, remained the main production of the plant, especially the production of steam locomotives. From 1932 to 1941, 240 electric locomotives of the ВЛ22 series were also built. The development of Soviet steam locomotives was significantly influenced by the then main designer Lev Sergejewitsch Lebedjanski . In his honor, a locomotive was named Л after the Second World War . The production of the SŽD series П36 can be seen as the highlight of the steam locomotive construction, 252 units of which were made in the factory until 1956. Other steam locomotives such as the SŽD class Л and SŽD class П38 are also an impressive highlight of the steam locomotive in the Kolomna locomotive factory.
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When in February 1956 at the 20th party congress of the CPSU it was decided not to produce steam locomotives, but instead only diesel and electric locomotives , the production of the plant was switched to diesel and electric locomotives. In the same year, with the production number 10420, the last steam locomotive left operations, and from then on, powerful diesel locomotives defined the production profile.
Production of diesel locomotives
For many years before diesel locomotive production began, the Kolomna locomotive factory was producing diesel engines . In 1903 the first engine with an output of 18 hp was built. From these humble beginnings, a series production of engines in a performance class from 3000 HP to 4000 HP developed, which has not remained unknown in Central Europe ( DR series 130 ). Diesel engines with an output of 6000 hp were being tested, but were not widely used.
The Kolomna plant delivered the first diesel locomotives to the SŽD as early as 1934, with the designations ВМ20 and Ээл . In June 1956, series production of diesel locomotives began. Production began here with the SŽD series ТЭ3 with an output of 2 × 2000 hp. The production of this two-section locomotive ended in Kolomna in 1963.
The first diesel locomotive designed in Kolomna and built by the factory itself was the ТЭ50 ( TE50 ), which was a forerunner of the well-known SŽD series ТЭП60 . This construction was a single-section locomotive with a driver's cab and an engine output of 3000 hp. In 1959, the design of the ТЭП60 diesel locomotive began . The first prototype left the locomotive factory in 1960. Compared to the previous version, this locomotive has two driver's cabs. This machine became one of the most successful diesel locomotive designs of the Kolomna Locomotive Factory. By 1985, 1240 locomotives were produced. They have a design speed of 160 km / h. A two-section locomotive was also developed from this series in 116 copies. It is suitable for transporting the heaviest express trains, even with difficult route profiles.
During the mass production of freight locomotives, the Kolomna locomotive factory was an important supplier for the manufacture of diesel engines for the Luhansk locomotive factory . The engines of the 2ТЭ116 and the DR series 130 originally came from Kolomna. The further increase in the transport services and the passenger train speed of the trains in the USSR required even more powerful diesel locomotives. For economic reasons, preference was given to a single-section locomotive. The design of the new diesel locomotive with the designation SŽD-series ТЭП70 began in 1972. The output of the 2A-5D49 diesel engine manufactured in Kolomna (four-stroke process, 16 cylinders in V-arrangement and as a square barrel ) was 4000 HP, the design speed was 160 km / h designed. By using low-alloy steel for the locomotive frame and aluminum for the roof cover, it was possible to achieve the same axle load compared to the SŽD series ТЭП60 , despite the increased engine weight . The modern form of mixed current transmission was chosen for power transmission; an alternator provides the power that is fed through rectifiers to the DC traction motors . 808 copies of the SŽD class ТЭП70 locomotive were produced until 2007.
Production today
The main activities of the current production of the Kolomna Locomotive Factory are the service for the renewal of diesel engines for existing diesel locomotives, ships, large trucks and electrical stations. Programs for the renewal of diesel engines for locomotives ТЭМ2 , ЧМЭ3 and others are running . An important part of the work is saving weight while maintaining performance. The weight of the diesel engine of the ТЭМ2 was reduced from 21.8 t to 16 t and that of the ЧМЭ3 from 18.05 t to 16.7 t.
In addition, the plant has opened up the production branch of manufacturing electrical stations and electrical aggregates. The manufacture of diesel engines still takes up a large part of production today. Motors for electrical stations from the Kolomna locomotive factory achieve outputs of up to 12,000 hp. In terms of locomotives, the production of diesel locomotives is limited to the manufacture of various modifications of the ТЭП70 series such as the 2ТЭ70, ТЭП70У, ТЭП70БС and, for the electric locomotives, the ЭП2К , the production of which started in 2006.
Web links
- Company website (Russian, English)
literature
- The model railroader 02/1976, The diesel locomotive plant WW Kuibyshev in Kolomna, p. 29, organ of the DMV .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Internet site about the repowering of the ТЭМ2 (Russian)
- ↑ Internet page about the repowering of the ЧМЭ3 (Russian)
- ↑ Internet site about the diesel engines manufactured in Kolomna (Russian)
Coordinates: 55 ° 5 ′ 17.8 " N , 38 ° 48 ′ 50.4" E