SŽD series П38
| SŽD series П38 | |
|---|---|
 P38 sketch
|
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| Numbering: | P38-0001 to 0004 |
| Number: | 4th |
| Manufacturer: | Kolomna Locomotive Factory , Kolomna |
| Year of construction (s): | 1954-1955 |
| Retirement: | unknown |
| Axis formula : | (1'D) D2 'h4 |
| Gauge : | 1524 mm |
| Length over coupling: | 38,000 mm |
| Length: | 22,520 mm |
| Total wheelbase: | 19,475 mm |
| Empty mass: | 194.2 t |
| Service mass with tender: | 213.7 t - 214.9 t |
| Friction mass: | 161.4 t - 164 t |
| Wheel set mass : | 20 t |
| Top speed: | 85 km / h |
| Indexed performance : | 3,800 hp - 4,000 hp |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 1,500 mm |
| Impeller diameter front: | 900 mm |
| Rear wheel diameter: | 1,050 mm |
| Number of cylinders: | 4th |
| Cylinder diameter: | 575 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 800 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 15bar |
| Grate area: | 10.7 m² |
| Superheater area : | 236.7 m² |
| Evaporation heating surface: | 396.3 m² |
| Service weight of the tender: | 73.3 t (empty weight) |
| Water supply: | 60 m 3 |
| Fuel supply: | 35 t |
| Particularities: | Mallet locomotive |
The SŽD class П38 (German transcription P38) was a steam locomotive of the Soviet Railways (SŽD) in broad gauge design , delivered 1954–1955. It was the heaviest steam locomotive of the SŽD and, taking into account the eight-axle tender, the heaviest of all locomotives in the history of all Soviet locomotives.
history
Around 1950 the mass of trains on the rails of the SŽD increased significantly, which often required the use of leader locomotives in front of the trains, which were getting longer and heavier. This made the need for a more powerful locomotive than the SŽD series ФД . That is why the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the former Soviet Union and the Kolomna locomotive factory are working on a sketch project of articulated freight locomotive steam locomotives with the axle sequences (1'C) C1 'h4 and (1'D) D2' h4 based on the Mallett type system . The need to use an articulated locomotive is explained by the fact that the performance of the locomotive with a simple frame is limited by the load of the locomotive on the superstructure, the number of driven axles in turn influences the mobility of the locomotives in curved tracks (as a negative example here is the Locomotive of the series SŽD series АА 20 with seven driven axles in a fixed frame, which was convincing in terms of performance, had no mobility in the curved track). The successful use of the Challenger and Big Boy locomotives of the Union Pacific Railroad also influenced the use of the Mallet locomotives .
Type (1'D) D2 'was chosen for the preparation of the work project. The Ministry of Transport and Communications recommended an axle pressure of 23 t for the locomotive, but the engineers at the Kolomna locomotive factory chose 20 t because the friction weight was 160 t, which resulted in more favorable conditions for operation and repair. The working project was drawn up by the design office of the Kolomna locomotive factory under the direction of Lev Lebedjansky and engineer II Sulishcheva , and in December 1954 the Kolomna locomotive factory delivered two test locomotives with the designation П38.0001 ( P38.0001 ) and П38.0002 ( P38.0002 ) . Inside is a photograph of the locomotive
construction
The steam locomotive of the series П38 ( P38 ) is a steam locomotive based on the Mallett system. In terms of the wheel arrangement, one tends to compare the locomotive with the Big Boy , but this locomotive had more options for developing its performance thanks to the possibility of an axle pressure of 30 t . The single-axle forward bogie of the П38 was a construction analogous to that of the ФД , СО and Л series . Its spring suspension was carried out in three points, as with the steam locomotive П34 . The steam locomotive was equipped with roller bearings in the axle bearing guides, increased friction mass, mechanical grate loading and a steam dryer . In order to reduce the loss of steam in the spherical connection between the fixed and moving engines, most steam lines have been designed to be flexible. The steam locomotive was equipped with a type L 40 steam superheater . The length of the locomotive including the eight-axle tender was 38 m.
Fate of the steam locomotive
At the end of January 1955, a steam locomotive was sent to the Krasnoyarskaya zhelesnaja doroga for test operation. They were used under the difficult conditions of the severe Siberian frost on routes with a heavy profile. In the same year the Kolomna locomotive factory delivered two more locomotives under the designation П38.0003 ( P38.0003 ) and П38.0004 ( P38.0004 ). It is known from the results of the trial operation that the locomotives transported trains with a mass of 3500 t on an incline of nine per thousand at 23 km / h, developing an output of over 4000 hp.
In February 1956, however, at the 20th party congress of the CPSU , it was decided not to build any more steam locomotives; instead, only diesel locomotives and electric locomotives should be manufactured. In this context, all attempts with the steam locomotives were canceled. In 1959 they were given by the Supreme Council for National Economy for transportation to industrial plants in Belgorod . The locomotives are said to have been in successful use there for years. In 1977 they are no longer in operation, but were still there.
It is not clear from the literature whether a copy of the latest steam locomotive design and at the same time the largest locomotive design of the SŽD has been preserved.
See also
literature
- The model railroader 11/1977, From the history of Soviet steam locomotives, page 331, organ of the DMV