Saint-Crépin (Soissons)

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The abbeys of Saint-Crépin-le-Grand (lat. S. Crispini majoris ) and Saint-Crépin-en-Chaye (lat. S. Crispini in Cavea ) in Soissons were monasteries consecrated to the city patrons Crispinus and Crispinianus († around 287). Saint-Crépin-le-Grand was directly subordinate to the King and the Pope.

The name le Grand distinguishes the abbey from the Saint-Crépin-le-Petit chapel belonging to the Count's castle . The term en Chaye ( in cavea ) refers to the hypothetical location of the martyrdom of the city patron.

Saint-Crépin-le-Grand stood outside the city walls on the road to Reims (today Avenue de Reims ), Saint-Crépin-en-Chaye north of the city near the Ainse (corner of Boulevard Édouard-Branly and Allée du Jeu-d 'Arc ). The current church of Saint-Crépin ( Rue des déports et fusillés ) is a new building from the mid-20th century.

history

Around 560, the Saint-Crépin-le-Grand Abbey was founded on an ancient necropolis on the road to Reims. King Sigibert I transferred some of the Crispin relics from Soissons to Lisdorf near Saarlouis in 570 . In 580, Chlodobert, son of King Chilperic I , was buried in Saint-Crépin after his death. At the Council of Soissons, which took place in the church of Saint-Crépin in 861/862, Louis the Stammler submitted to his father and received in return u. a. the Saint-Crépin Abbey. Around 886/898 Heribert I , Count of Soissons, became lay abbot of Saint-Crépin. Bernuin, a monk from Saint-Crépin, was appointed Bishop of Senlis in 937 . In 943, King Ludwig IV subordinated the Abbey of Saint-Crépin again, but then passed it on to Renaud de Roucy .

Around 1115, Odo, abbot of Saint-Crépin, sought support to increase monastic discipline and received it in the person of Goswin von Anchin . In the same year Gottfried, the Bishop of Amiens , died in Saint-Crépin. In 1118 the chronicler Thiou de Morigny († 1136) became abbot of Saint-Crépin. The Augustinian monastery of Saint-Crépin-en-Chaye was founded in 1131 and later handed over to Bishop Josselin de Vierzy by Count Raoul le Lepreux. In 1164 Beneredus († 1180) was elected Abbot of Saint-Crépin-le-Grand and made Cardinal Bishop of Palestrina . Count Raoul von Soissons and his wife founded the Saint-Créspin-le-Petit chapel (Rue Pétrot-Labarre) in 1184, which belonged to the castle and had nothing to do with the abbey. The Benedictines of Saint-Crépin-le-Grand began building a new abbey church around 1207, which was to be the size of a cathedral. The choir of the new church was completed around 1235, no further construction progress was made. 1349 were mentioned to the Abbey of Saint-Crépin-le-Grand Zinnen, d. H. the abbey was at least partially defensive at this time. The main work on the surrounding wall took place in 1353-1362 under Abbot Guillaume de La Rochefoucauld, a testimony of the moat is today the street "Sente de Fosses Saint-Crépin". In the course of the Hundred Years War , the abbey suffered severe damage from 1358-1359. The church of Saint-Crépin-le-Grand was badly damaged in 1414, the monastery of Saint-Crépin-en-Chaye was spared from devastation.

In 1466 the roof of the church was destroyed by a storm, and in 1567 the Huguenots devastated the monastery of Saint-Crépin-en-Chaye. This monastery was used as an isolation ward for plague sufferers in 1623 and 1668 . The reform of the Mauriner was adopted in Saint-Crépin-le-Grand in 1647. In 1790, the Saint-Crépin-le-Grand monastery was closed and the monastery buildings were then sold. The church of Saint-Crépin-le-Grand was rededicated as a stable for horses in 1793/94, before it was also sold in 1798 and then demolished. In 1822, the street front that belonged to the Saint-Crépin-le-Grand monastery was completely rebuilt. The architect Guillaume Gillet built the new Saint-Crépin church in 1962.

Works

  • Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Crépin-en-Chaye de Soissons

literature

  • Soissons du XIIe au milieu du XVIe siècle online (PDF file; 129 kB)
  • Bernard Ancien, La chronique tourmenté de l'église et des bâtiments de l'abbaye Saint-Crépin-le-Grand de Soissons online (with several plans of the monastery with the church consisting only of the choir; PDF file; 1.4 MB )
  • Dietrich Lohrmann: Pseudo-Theuderich und die Schuster von Soissons, in: Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters 52 (1997), pp. 399-422 (on the role of the Saint-Crépin abbey as a workshop for forging documents)