Salzmannshausen
Salzmannshausen is a settlement in the Kassel district of Bettenhausen . Starting in 1902, it was used for employees of the nearby Salzmann & Comp. built.
geography
Salzmannshausen borders the Niestetal district of Sandershausen to the north-east . The Dresdener Straße feeder road cuts the settlement off from the center of the ward in the south.
history
The development of the Bettenhäuser plant at the beginning of the 20th century required the Salzmann & Comp company to make progress in the procurement of living space. and thus first the acquisition of suitable land. This was found in a convenient location on Sandershäuser Strasse, roughly halfway between the plant and the village of Sandershausen. At this point, through purchase and exchange, the company gradually came into possession of an area of around 165,000 m².
In the years 1903 to 1908 the area was developed by laying roads and the necessary supply lines. At the suggestion of the Kassel magistrate, the streets were named after the locations of the individual plants and after the birthplaces of Heinrich Salzmann and his wife Minna Salzmann (née Scheffer). So the Spangenberger , Rauschenberger , Einbecker , Öderaner and Salzmannstrasse.
The first buildings to be erected in 1902 and 1903 were eight houses on Huthstrasse, which were owned by employees. The small house, the one- and two-family house, had not yet established itself , so that here too, despite the plentiful building site, apartment buildings were considered appropriate.
Soon, however, people in Salzmannshausen also started building small houses. This transition was also associated with a radical change in the company's entire housing management. So far, apart from the apartments that have become the property of the employees, only so-called company apartments have been created. However, the company apartments put a heavy strain on the company - both due to the capital stipulated in them and the tasks of administration. And the other path of ownership transfer, which was taken here, also turned out to be disadvantageous in many cases, as the owners lacked an understanding of the management and maintenance of their property. The solution to these problems was to found a cooperative . This form of association, developed in the 19th century primarily for housing construction, immediately gave the opportunity to expand the circle of settlers beyond the factory community. In 1910 the Salzmann company founded the Kassel-Bettenhäuser Gemeinnützige Baugesellschaft GmbH with a share capital of 30,000 marks in order to free itself from the high investment and maintenance costs of the company apartments.
Initially, the development of the Huthstrasse was continued, namely with the construction of ten one- and two-family houses in 1910. While the previous buildings could be proceeded according to a certain scheme, the small houses now required the wishes of the future residents to take into account, which repeatedly led to deviations less in the elevation than in the floor plan and caused the architects HC Mensching and Gustav Spier many difficulties. From the floor plans of this construction phase you can see how little experience you had in housing developments and how you only tried to please every single applicant. By responding to individual special requests, the Salzmann company was, so to speak, offering bonuses in order to get residents into their housing estates at all, which was difficult because of the excess housing in Kassel at the time and the remote location of the settlement.
During the First World War , the Salzmann & Comp company also stagnated. residential construction, because now primarily the factory buildings had to be subsidized in order to be able to meet the economic requirements of the military. Heinrich Salzmann, the initiator of the housing association, died on November 3, 1915.
In view of the housing shortage to be feared after the war, the construction of 16 three-family houses in Salzmannshausen began as early as August 1918. At the same time, a new type for the garden city was introduced, which combined the fulfillment of the now extraordinarily tightened economic demands with a pleasing appearance and was retained for the following with various improvements. In contrast to the previously built detached one and two-family houses, the terraced house appears here, giving up the garden city character adopted from England . The form of the low-rise building, which was initially retained, namely the ground floor, upper floor and the extended attic storey ( mansard storey ) did not correspond to the intention of the client, but the architect, Professor Max Hummel , who was entrusted with the processing of further construction tasks during the war , was forced to comply with the building police regulations which only allowed low-rise buildings in this area. This provision was later toned down, initially for Sandershäuser Strasse, so that there was another full storey in place of the extended mansard storey.
The western part of the settlement was built up in 1922 with the exception of a few building sites and it was now possible to settle the eastern part. In the first years since the development of the western part, the views in the field of town planning and settlement had changed in some cases significantly. Urban planning and settlement systems had acquired practical and scientific importance in Germany during this time. New experiences and guidelines developed from them should now be used for the development of the eastern part. Therefore, a closed competition for the development and development of the wider area was announced by the architects Professor Fischer (Munich), Professor Seeck (Berlin), Professor Hummel (Kassel) and Mensching und Spier (Kassel). The jury decided in favor of the design by Professor Fischer from Munich.
Up to this point in time only residential buildings had been built in Salzmannshausen. However, the steadily increasing expansion of the settlement and its remote location from the city center also required the establishment of supply facilities for everyday items. In 1923 the bakery building, a three-storey building with a steam bakery, sales rooms for baked goods and groceries and associated storage rooms and ten two to six-room apartments with all accessories, was built on the corner of Sandershäuserstrasse and Salzmannstrasse according to the plans of the architects Mensching and Spier.
In 1922 the Kassel-Bettenhäuser Baugesellschaft was recognized by the Reich Ministry of Finance as a non-profit organization. In 1930 the charitable status in the housing industry was newly regulated by law. Both the Kassel and the Melsung construction company were granted the property again as a charitable property.
After a construction break of about twelve years, further houses were built in 1938 on Salzmannstrasse and in 1939 on Rauschenberger Strasse. In 1935, the construction company had to hand over land by order so that the access road to the Reichsautobahn could be built. This measure cut the formerly closed property into two parts. The award-winning extension design could therefore not be carried out.
During the Second World War all construction activity was suspended. One of the first bombs in the beginning air war fell on the night of June 21-22, 1940 in Kassel on a block on Salzmannstrasse. The attacks almost always targeted the nearby Losse power station, which supplied the city with electricity, and the war-important factory halls of the Salzmann weaving mill. While the Lossekraftwerk remained almost undamaged, Works I and II of the Salzmann company were badly hit. Plant II was completely destroyed and not rebuilt after the war. The attack on the Edertalsperre on May 18, 1943 and the ensuing tidal wave also caused great damage in Salzmannshausen.
In Salzmannshausen, the reconstruction began with the demolition of some ruins, the repair of the less damaged buildings and the construction of new apartment blocks by the non-profit building company. Most of the only slightly damaged single-family houses on Einbecker Strasse were demolished in the 1950s. The housing department filled every possible living space with homeless people. As a result, for the most part, non-factory workers were instructed in the apartments and living spaces that were still available. The reconstruction was completed by 1957. In 1957, the Melsunger Gemeinnützige Baugesellschaft, which had also been a sister company since 1910, merged with the Kassel-Bettenhäuser Gemeinnützige Baugesellschaft.
As a result of the urban land-use planning of the city of Kassel from 1952, the entire undeveloped land of the construction company was declared an industrial site. A development of this area with residential buildings, as it was intended in the Fischer design, was finally no longer possible.
Monument protection
The settlement is registered as an overall complex in the city of Kassel's monument register.
literature
- Salzmann & Comp. (Ed.): Fifty years of housing care by Salzmann & Comp. to Kassel. Published on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the business on November 1st, 1926. Frankfurt am Main, 1926.
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft 75 Jahre Salzmannshausen (Ed.): ''75 Years of Salzmannshausen 1902–1977.' 'Kassel, 1977.
- Magistrate of the City of Kassel (ed.): '' Entire complex: Salzmannshausen. Monument book of the city of Kassel. '' Kassel, 1980.
- Garden city of Salzmannhausen, Kassel. In: The Architect , Issue # / 1982.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ First Allied air raid on Kassel, June 22, 1940. Contemporary history in Hesse. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- ↑ Magistrate of the City of Kassel (ed.): '' Entire facility: Salzmannshausen. Monument book of the city of Kassel. '' Kassel, 1980.
Coordinates: 51 ° 18 ′ 50.3 ″ N , 9 ° 32 ′ 9 ″ E