Samuel Really

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Samuel Echt (born July 27, 1888 in Norgau , German Empire ; died December 11, 1974 in New York City ) was a German-American educator.

Life

Samuel Echt was a teacher at the district boys' school in Danzig from 1913 and remained so after Danzig was separated from the German Empire by the Treaty of Versailles and declared the Free City of Danzig . Echt was a member of the Central Association of German Citizens of the Jewish Faith and of the ORT . Echt was a member of the representative assembly of the Jewish community in Gdańsk and headed the welfare service for hikers at the Jewish Central Welfare Office.

After the transfer of power to the National Socialists in the German Reich in 1933, the elections for the 5th People's Day on May 28, 1933 resulted in an absolute majority for the National Socialists, the Senate of the Free City of Danzig thereupon subjected the schools to conformity and the Jewish pupils were put under pressure. The board of directors of the Jewish community therefore abandoned the principle of the simultaneous school, which had been supported until then, and agreed with the National Socialist Senate to found a public Jewish school, which Echt, who remained in the Danzig school service, was charged with running. The "Jewish Primary School in Danzig" started the school year 1934 with 120 Abc shooters in three classes, in which in the second school year 1935 Hebrew was also taught, in the third year Polish, in the fourth English. At the same time, the study assessor Dr. Ruth Rosenbaum started a private high school. In April 1937 all Jewish students were expelled from the public schools and had to be taught in an additional collective class at the elementary school. In 1937, 519 students were taught by 15 teachers in the elementary school; Rosenbaum's secondary school also had 15 teachers and 200 students. In April 1938 the first school leaving could be celebrated.

In 1937, despite the League of Nations supervision, Danzig became the first totalitarian National Socialist state outside the Reich. When the Danzig Senate forced the expulsion of Jews with massive pressure in 1938, Echt was significantly involved in the implementation of the Kindertransporte of young people in the Jewish community with financial support from the Joint Distribution Committee to England and accompanied 74 children on May 3, 1939 and on May 5 July six more children to England. In the end it was possible to get almost the entire Jewish youth of Danzig to emigrate.

Echt also emigrated to Great Britain in the summer of 1939 and ran a refugee home in Birmingham with his wife. After the Second World War in 1948 he emigrated to the USA, where he also worked as a teacher. In 1964, Echt completed the manuscript of a history of the Jews in Danzig in German. It also contains his story as a headmaster and was published in Germany in 1972.

Fonts

literature

  • Joseph Walk (ed.): Short biographies on the history of the Jews 1918–1945 . ed. from the Leo Baeck Institute , Jerusalem. Saur, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-598-10477-4 , p. 73.
  • Ernst G. Lowenthal: Jews in Prussia. Reimer, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-496-01012-6 , p. 52.
  • Vivian B. Mann, Joseph Gutman: Danzig 1939: Treasures of a destroyed community . Wayne State University Press for the Jewish Museum, New York 1980.
  • Erwin Lichtenstein : The Jews of the Free City of Danzig under the rule of National Socialism . Mohr, Tübingen 1973.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The History of the Jews in Danzig. P. 149.
  2. ↑ Erwin Lichtenstein: The Jews of the Free City of Danzig , 1973, p. 23 ff.
  3. ↑ The History of the Jews in Danzig. P. 152.
  4. ↑ Erwin Lichtenstein: The Jews of the Free City of Danzig , 1973, p. 24 f.
  5. ↑ Erwin Lichtenstein: The Jews of the Free City of Danzig , 1973, p. 97
  6. ↑ The History of the Jews in Danzig. P. 151.
  7. ↑ The History of the Jews in Danzig. P. 167.
  8. ^ Erwin Lichtenstein: The Jews of the Free City of Danzig , 1973, p. 103
  9. ↑ The History of the Jews in Danzig. P. 153.
  10. ↑ The History of the Jews in Danzig. P. 7.
personal data
SURNAME Really, Samuel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-American educator
DATE OF BIRTH July 27, 1888
PLACE OF BIRTH Norgau , German Empire
DATE OF DEATH December 11, 1974
Place of death New York City