Samuel Gringauz

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General Joseph T. McNarney and Samuel Gringauz (1946)

Samuel Gringauz (born 1900 in Tilsit (East Prussia) ; died 1972 in the USA ) was a German-Lithuanian-American economist and an elected representative of the Jewish Displaced Persons in the American zone of occupation in Germany in the immediate post-war period .

Life

Samuel Gringauz studied philosophy, law and economics in Germany, France, Italy and Russia and received his doctorate in 1928 at the University of Bern with a dissertation on the economist Michail Tugan-Baranowski . Until 1939 he worked as a lawyer in Memel (Klaipėda) , which was occupied by Lithuania in 1923 with the Memelland .

After the German advance into the Soviet Union in 1941, he was imprisoned as a Jew in the Kaunas ghetto . When the ghetto was dissolved, he was deported in a larger group to the Dachau concentration camp in 1944 and performed forced labor in one of the subcamps in Kaufering .

After the concentration camp was liberated, Gringauz became active in Jewish self-help, which took care of the vital interests of the Jewish displaced persons . In the Landsberg DP camp , in October 1945 the occupying forces set the election of a camp representation, in which the group led by Gringauz "Ichud" became the strongest, and he was elected chairman of the seven-person camp representation. At times the camp had 5,000 residents, and due to the influx, a branch was set up in Föhrenwald . As a lawyer, he took over the criminal defense of the leaders of the "Landsberg camp uprising" of 1946.

In the Landsberg DP camp, the "Landsberger Lager-Cajtung" was published in Yiddish from October 8, 1945 , which was renamed "Jidisze Cajtung" a year later and reached a maximum circulation of 15,000 copies. The editor was initially Rudolf Valsonok, who soon died of the aftermath of his imprisonment in a concentration camp, so that Baruch Hermannowicz and Gringauz took over the editing of the "camp cajtung".

The representatives of the Jewish camp inmates of the various DP camps in the American zone met for the first time on July 1, 1945 in the DP camp in Feldafing . The Central Committee of Liberated Jews in Bavaria was founded to represent the interests of the occupation administration. The recognition by the US Army was delayed , but on July 11, 1945, temporary offices in the Deutsches Museum in Munich were occupied. Zalman Grinberg , a doctor, was elected as president of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Zone in January 1946 , and Dawid Treger, Gringauz, was appointed chairman of the central committee's council in a function that was more important for day-to-day business. Gringauz was a participant at the First Congress of Liberated Jews in the US Zone on January 27, 1946 in Munich City Hall . Gringauz succeeded in getting the American occupation power to formally recognize the Central Committee as a negotiating partner in September 1946. This made the Central Committee the only officially recognized lobby group among the various refugee groups in the American zone of occupation.

Gringauz emigrated to the USA in 1948 and worked in New York for the Jewish Restitution Successor Organization and its successor, the Jewish Claims Conference . In the journal Jewish Social Studies he published several articles on the sociological structure of the shtetl and the forced ghettos during the German occupation. Gringauz was critical of contemporary literature on remembrance, which he saw as “judeocentric, lococentric and egocentric”: “... most of the memoirs and reports are full of preposterous verbosity, graphomanic exaggeration, dramatic effects, overestimated self-inflation, dilettante philosophizing , would-be lyricism, unchecked rumors, bias, partisan attacks and apologies ". On the other hand, Gringauz 'sociological studies from 1950 were cited sixty years later by Christoph Dieckmann ( German Occupation Policy in Lithuania 1941–1944 ) as historical sources .

Fonts (selection)

  • MJ Tugan Baranowsky and his position in theoretical political economy . Kaunas: German bookstore, 1928; Riga: Salamandra, 1928. Bern, Univ., Lawyer. Fak., Diss. Approx. 1928
  • Allied victory and Jewish people  : (speech made on the solemn victory meeting of the former Jewish political prisonners in Landsberg Caserne on August 24, 1945). Landsberg am Lech: Landsberger Verlagsanstalt M. Neumeyer, 1945, evidence from Leo Baeck Institute
  • The future of Jewish culture. In: Jüdische Rundschau , May / June 1946, 22–24
  • About the abandonment of the European Jewish remnants. In: Jüdische Rundschau , July 1946, pp. 5–7
  • LOCATION: history, program, performance. In: Jüdische Rundschau , June 1947
  • Jewish Destiny as the DP's See It. In: Commentary , December 4, 1947
  • Chances of the new German anti-Semitism: Kurt Schumacher's position and the position of the liberated Jews in Germany . In: Aufbau , October 31, 1947, p. 3
  • Our New German Policy and the DP's. Why Immediate Resettlement is Imperative. In: Commentary , 5, 1948, pp. 508-514
  • Churbn Kovne. In: Fun letstn Churbn , Heft 7 1948, pp. 6–29; Issue 8, pp. 27–38 (The Destruction of Kovno, Yiddish)
  • The Ghetto as an Experiment of Jewish Social Organization . In: Jewish Social Studies, 1949, pp. 3–20
  • Some Methodological Problems in the Study of the Ghetto . In: Jewish Social Studies, 1950, pp. 65–72
  • On the Horizon: Anti-Semitism in Socialism. In: Commentary , 4, 1950
  • Jewish National Autonomy in Lithuania (1918–1925) . In: Jewish Social Studies, 1952, pp. 225–246
Reprints
  • The Jewish National Autonomy in Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. In: Gregor Aronson, Jacob Frumkin, Alexis Goldenweiser, Joseph Lewitan Russian Jewry 1917–1967 . New York: Yoseloff, 1969, ISBN 9780498069567 , pp. 58-71
  • The Death of Jewish Kaunas (Kovno). In: Gregor Aronson, Jacob Frumkin, Alexis Goldenweiser, Joseph Lewitan (eds.): Russian Jewry 1917–1967 . New York: Yoseloff, 1969, ISBN 9780498069567 , pp. 157-170
  • Jewish Pogroms in the Ukraine and Byelorussia (1918–1920). In: Gregor Aronson, Jacob Frumkin, Alexis Goldenweiser, Joseph Lewitan (eds.): Russian Jewry 1917–1967 . New York: Yoseloff, 1969 ISBN 9780498069567
  • The year of great disappointments: 5706 in the history of the Jewish people. In: Babylon, (1989) 5, pp. 73-81, ISBN 978-3-8015-0231-7
  • Jewish Destiny as the DP's See It: The Ideology of the Surviving Remnant. In: Ian S. Lustick (Ed.): Triumph and catastrophe: the war of 1948, Israel independence, and the refugee problem . New York: Garland, 1994 ISBN 0-8153-1582-1

literature

  • Abraham J. Edelheit, Hershel Edelheit: History of the Holocaust: a handbook and dictionary . Boulder: Westview Press, 1994 ISBN 0-8133-1411-9 (Gringauz p. 221)
  • Angelika Königseder, Juliane Wetzel : Courage in life in the waiting room. The Jewish DPs (Displaced Persons) in post-war Germany. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1994, ISBN 3-596-10761-X
  • Angelika Eder: Fleeting homeland: Jewish displaced persons in Landsberg am Lech 1945 to 1950 . Munich: Uni-Dr., 1998 ISBN 978-3-87821-307-9 Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 1996
    • Angelika Eder: Jewish Displaced Persons in everyday German life. A regional study from 1945 to 1950. In: Fritz Bauer Institute (Ed.): Survived and on the move: Jewish Displaced Persons in post-war Germany . 1997 yearbook on the history and impact of the Holocaust. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 1997, pp. 163–187 (excerpt)
  • Abraham Peck, Manfred Deiler: Between Despair and Rebirth , in: Landsberg in the 20th Century - Themed Issues on Landsberg Contemporary History. Issue 6: Landsberg 1945–1950: The Jewish new beginning after the Shoah. The future emanated from the Landsberg DP camp . 1996, ISBN 3-9803775-5-5
  • Abraham Peck: "Our eyes have seen eternity". Memory and Identity of She'erith Hapletah , lecture Munich 1995, translation by Irmgard Hölscher, in: Fritz Bauer Institute (Ed.): Survived and on the move: Jewish Displaced Persons in post-war Germany . 1997 yearbook on the history and impact of the Holocaust. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 1997, pp. 27–49
  • Zeev W. Mankowitz: Life between memory and hope: the survivors of the Holocaust in occupied Germany . New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002 ISBN 0-521-81105-8
    • Chapter 8: Two voices from Landsberg: Rudolf Valsonok and Samuel Gringauz , pp. 161–191
  • Anna Holian: Between national socialism and Soviet communism: displaced persons in postwar Germany . Ann Arbor, Mich. : Univ. of Michigan Press, 2011 ISBN 978-0-472-11780-2
  • Christoph Dieckmann : German occupation policy in Lithuania 1941-1944 . Göttingen: Wallstein, 2011
  • Andrea Sinn: Jewish Politics and the Press in the Early Federal Republic . Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2014 ISBN 978-3-525-57031-9 zugl .: München, Univ., Diss., 2012
  • S. Knopp: The representation of the persecution in the "Landsberger Lager-Cajtung" . Thesis. University of Vienna, 2012 PDF
  • Atina Grossmann : Munich. In: Dan Diner (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Jewish History and Culture (EJGK). Volume 4: Ly-Po. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2013, ISBN 978-3-476-02504-3 , pp. 258-264 (article about the DP camps).
  • Hans-Peter Förding, Heinz Verfürth: When the Jews fled to Germany. A forgotten chapter in post-war history . Cologne: Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 2017 ISBN 9783462048667

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ There is no consistent literature on biographical information. 1975 is also given as the year of death.
  2. ↑ a b c d S. Knopp: The representation of the persecution in the "Landsberger Lager-Cajtung" , 2012
  3. ↑ Andrea Sinn: Jüdische Politik und Presse , 2014, p. 38f.
  4. ↑ Angelika Königseder, Juliane Wetzel: Mutual courage in the waiting room , 1994, p. 41; P. 127
  5. ↑ Angelika Königseder, Juliane Wetzel: Mutual courage in the waiting room , 1994, p. 256f.
  6. ↑ The transcription of Yiddish names is inconsistent in the literature
  7. ↑ Angelika Königseder, Juliane Wetzel: Mutual courage in the waiting room , 1994, p. 127
  8. ↑ Andrea Sinn: Jüdische Politik und Presse , 2014, p. 38f.
  9. ↑ Angelika Königseder, Juliane Wetzel: Mutual courage in the waiting room , 1994, p. 85; P. 127
  10. ↑ Photo: Grosberg, Abraham Klausner , Samuel Gringauz, Isaac Ratner, Dawid Treger, Zalman Grinberg , David Ben-Gurion , Josef Leibowitz, Israel Jochelson and Marian Puczyc. In: Angelika Königseder, Juliane Wetzel: Mutual courage in the waiting room , 1994, p. 84
  11. ↑ Andrea Sinn: Jüdische Politik und Presse , 2014, p. 39
  12. ↑ Anna Holian: Between national socialism and Soviet communism , 2011, pp. 195f.
  13. ↑ Birgitt Wagner: Jewish society in focus. 'Ghetto' and 'Judenrat' as topics of early English-language Holocaust research , sociology of the ghetto, in: PaRDeS: Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies, Potsdam: Universitätsverlag, Issue 17, 2011 ISSN 1614-6492 pp. 53-70
  14. ↑ Samuel Gringauz: Some Methodological Problems in the Study of the Ghetto , 1950, p. 65 (the article in the booklet immediately follows an essay by Hannah Arendt ). See also: Gary Weissman: Fantasies of witnessing: postwar efforts to experience the Holocaust . Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press, 2004 ISBN 0-8014-4253-2 , p. 50
  15. ↑ On Mankowitz see Gideon Shimoni: Ze'ev Mankowitz - In Memoriam , Yad Vashem Studies, Vol. 43: 1 (2015), at Yadvashem
personal data
SURNAME Gringauz, Samuel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Lithuanian-American economist
DATE OF BIRTH 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH Tilsit (East Prussia)
DATE OF DEATH 1972
Place of death United States