Sancho IV (Navarre)

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Sancho IV, of Peñalén , ( Spanish: Sancho el de Peñalén ; * 1040 ; † June 4, 1076 in Peñalén , Province of Guadalajara ) was King of Navarre from the House of Jiménez from 1054 to 1076 .

Life

Sancho was the eldest son of King García III. von Navarra and his wife Stefanie (Estefania) von Foix, daughter of Count Bernhard Roger von Foix .

After his father was killed in battle against an army of his brother Ferdinand I of Castile-León on the battlefield, Sancho was crowned king at the age of 14. So that Ferdinand I made peace with him and tolerated the coronation, Sancho had to swear the feudal oath and become his vassal. Sancho's reign was still marked by violent power struggles between the Christian empires of northern Spain, which had been divided among his sons after the death of Sancho the Great in 1035. On the other hand, the Muslim rulership was split up into 25 Taifa empires , which sought protection and armed aid from the Christian kingdoms in return for paying tributes. In 1069, Sancho IV promised the Hudid- Emir of Saragossa , Ahmad I al-Muqtadir, to stand by him in return for a monthly tribute of 1,000 gold pieces against the enemy Castile and not to use any French guest knights against him.

Sancho IV ruled arrogantly and fell out with most of the leading noble families of his kingdom, who then conspired against him, and with his own family. In 1076 he was murdered by his brother Ramón in his favorite Palatinate, Peñalén. His cousins Sancho I of Aragón and Alfonso VI took advantage of the situation that occurred . of Castile-León and divided the empire among themselves, with Alfonso VI. occupied the Basque-Cantabrian territories and Sancho I. annexed the remaining part of the Kingdom of Navarre and degraded it to a county.

After 1068 he married the Franco-Norman noblewoman Placencia († after 1088). With her he had two sons:

  • García († young)
  • García († after 1091), 1076 titular king

He also had two illegitimate children with a mistress named Jimena:

  • Raimund (* before 1071; † after 1110), Lord of Esquiroz
  • Urraca († after 1072)

He was buried in the monastery of Santa María la Real de Nájera .

literature

  • Ludwig Vones: History of the Iberian Peninsula in the Middle Ages 711-1480. Empires - Crowns - Regions. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1993. Pages 66, 71, 75-77
  • Norbert Angermann (Ed.): Lexicon of the Middle Ages . Dtv, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-423-59057-2 , Volume VII, column 1357.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Textos navarros del Códice de Roda, ed. by José María Lacarra de Miguel in: Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón. Vol. 1 (1945), p. 260. ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Historia de la Corona de Aragón: Crónica de San Juan de la Peña: Part aragonesa, ed. by T. Ximénez de Embún y Val (1876), §17, pp. 48-49. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / cema.unizar.es
  2. ↑ According to a document from the monastery of San Salvador de Leire from 1079, the sister Ermesinda was also involved in the murder plot. Documentación medieval de Leire (siglos IX a XII), ed. by Ángel J. Martín Duque (1983), No. 106, p. 156.
predecessor Office successor
García III. King of Navarre
1054-1076 		Sancho V.
personal data
SURNAME Sancho IV.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sancho IV of Peñalén (full name); Sancho el de Peñalén
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Navarre of the House of Jiménez (1054-1076)
DATE OF BIRTH 1040
DATE OF DEATH June 4, 1076
Place of death Peñalén , Guadalajara Province