Sand farmers

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The community of sand farmers on a topographical map from 1894

The sand farmers (sometimes incorrectly written as sand farmers ) was an independent rural community until it was incorporated into the East Frisian city of Norden in 1919 . The incorporation was preceded by conflict-ridden negotiations. Particularly controversial was the question of whether the citizens of the sand farmers should be allowed to carry out house slaughter in their municipality even after the merger .

Surname

The place name of the community Sandbauernschaft - unlike the names of its former districts - no longer plays a role today; neither a street nor a building name reminds of them. It appears for the first time in 1824 in Fridrich Arends ' description of the earth of the Principality of East Friesland and the Harlinger Land . Arend Remmers interprets the name as a peasantry on the sand . Named part sand Norderland Geest is meant .

Location and breakdown by location

Hollweg village around 1900

The sand farmers enclosed the city north from west to east in a three-quarter ring. It did not have its own town center, but consisted of a number of small villages and settlements. The municipality had its administrative seat in the front rooms of the Westgast farm at Alleestrasse 33 (today Hotel Watt Lodge ).

The following villages, living spaces and manor houses belonged to the sand farmers:

Localities : Ekel , Lintel (with Ostlintel and Westlintel), Hollweg, Westgaste, Martensdorf ; the row settlements at the western end of Westerstraße (from today's intersection of Lentz- / Dairy Johns), Mühlenlohne, Mackeriege and Laukeriege were considered the “suburbs” of the north of the city.

Residential places : Escher, grain dike, sandy path

Manor houses and farmsteads : Gut Barenbusch, Gut Ekeler Vorwerk, Gut Wi (e) rde, Seldenüst , brick factory

history

The oldest reports relating to the development of the community area of ​​the sand farmers come from the 12th century. During this time the double Benedictine monastery Marienthal was built. The land belonging to it reached from today's old people's housing complex of the Arbeiterwohlfahrt to the northeast corner of the North market square. The Norder Klosterstraße, which runs along the former monastery property, and a statue of the Virgin Mary, which was erected on the grounds of the old people's center, reminds of the history of the convent, also known as the Olde Kloster .

The sand farming community comprised places and settlements that had formed between the 13th and 16th centuries around fortified towers, stone houses and smaller castles. This so-called "Burgenring" was supposed to secure the northern city area, especially its market place, because the north, like Leer, had no "fortifications [...]". The builders of these fortifications were noble families (with the exception of the Oldeburg near the Norder Hafen) who were of great importance for the development of the city of Norden and the surrounding Norderland . The Aldersna (Westlintel), Tho Lintel and tho Wichte (Ostlintel), Idzenga (Barenbusch), Uldinga (Ekel) and the Attena (Osterhus Castle at the eastern end of today's Osterstraße) were among the better-known noble families, all of whom were related by marriage. .

literature

  • Gerda Fegter (Ed.) / Heinz Ramm: Popke Fegter . 1874-1946. His life and work in the Norderland . Soltau-Kurier: Norden 1989. pp. 51-53.
  • Johann Haddinga : North in the 20th Century . In: north. The city chronicle (Ufke Cremer, Johann Haddinga). Soltau-Kurier: Norden 2001. ISBN 3-928327-46-1 . P. 20 ( 1919: The sand farmers come north ).
  • Gerhard Canzler : The northern schools . Verlag H. Risius: Weener 2005. ISBN 3-88761-097-0 . Pp. 96–102 ( 1850: new inn school / after 1880: >> Zingelschule << until 1972 ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fridrich Arend: Earth description of the principality of East Friesland and the Harlingerland . Emden 1824. p. 396
  2. ^ Arend Remmers : From Aaltukerei to Zwischenmooren. The> settlement names between Dollart and Jade . Schuster Verlag: Leer 2004. ISBN 3-7963-0359-5 . P. 191; Sp.II
  3. ^ Gerhard Canzler : The northern schools . Verlag H. Risius: Weener 2005. ISBN 3-88761-097-0 . P. 102; Note 4
  4. ↑ The facts in this section are based on Heinrich Ringklib : Statistical overview of the division of the Kingdom of Hanover into administrative and judicial districts as a result of the new organization of administration and justice. Along with attached dictionaries . Hannover 1852. p. 4; Sp II
  5. ↑ For the history of the Marienthal Monastery, see Ufke Cremer: Norden im Wandel der Zeiten . Heinrich Soltau Published by Norden 1955. S. 20f
  6. ↑ Eberhard Rack: Settlement and settlement of the old district north . Volume 15 in the SPIEKER series . Regional studies articles and reports (published by the Geographical Commission for Westphalia: Wilhelm Müller-Wille and Elisabeth). Self-published by the Geographischeommission: Münster / Westfalen 1967. S. 34f
  7. ↑ For the castles see Ufke Cremer: North through the ages . Heinrich Soltau Published by Norden 1955. S. 27fff