St. George's Chapel (Heidesheim)

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St. George's Chapel

The St. George's Chapel - in the north of Heidesheim am Rhein , a district of Ingelheim am Rhein , between the railway line and the motorway from Rüsselsheim to Bingen in Obstfeldern - is set up "in the completely preserved room of a Roman" villa rustica ". ., of which today ... two walls up to the roof, partly with original joint painting outside and wall plaster inside, have been preserved. "

history

Ancient and Middle Ages

Its building history, which spans around 1500 years, meant that the beginnings were only discovered very gradually: they were looking for them for a long time - not least because of the patronage of Bishop Sidonius - in Franconian times. According to recent studies, one can assume that it was “a late antique country church” of the bishop of Mainz, which, not least because of it, reveals itself to be “a particularly lively center of Roman-Christian tradition”. "The chapel can ... be considered the oldest traditional sacred building in Rheinhessen ."

After 650 Franconian settlers settled around St. George's Chapel . At the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries, their descendants added an apse to the chapel; at that time the preserved triumphal arch fighters were installed. Further renovations were carried out around 1200 - the consecration inscription in the lintel above the walled-up door in the south facade is likely to come from this time: + DEDICATED ON APRIL 23rd +, the day of St. George. At that time, St. George was the parish church of the parish.

St. George and his pastors were entitled to a quarter of all tithes accruing in Heidesheim. Two documents are known from the Middle Ages in which the St. George's Chapel is mentioned. Both come from the tradition of Eberbach Monastery ; Both of them are about whether the Sandhof owed the pastor that tithe. While Provost Otto von Mariengreden was able to assert his claim as pastor of Heidesheim between April and June of the years 1185 and 1196, an arbitration award of December 23, 1278, citing Pope Alexander III. firmly that Eberbach owes Erkenbold - pastor of the Church of St. George in Heisensheim - no tithes from the Sandhof.

With the relocation of the community from the Rhine plain to the slope of the Dinkberg and the construction of the Church of St. Philip and Jacob, St. George's Chapel lost its position as a parish church; it was therefore not given up. Rather, the apse was replaced almost at the same time by a choir that had just closed. Further complex renovations followed in the 15th century. Later news suggests that pilgrimages began as early as the Middle Ages.

Modern times

After the Thirty Years' War, the St-Georgs-Kapelle was owned by Baron Philipp Erwein von Schönborn († 1668), who relocated his family's property from the Taunus to the central Rhine and Main. He acquired it because of the tithing of the Abbey of Altmünster , which was tied to it , which had previously been withdrawn from the pastor of Heidesheim - the more precise circumstances remain to be clarified - and towards the end of or shortly after the Thirty Years' War - as almost always - was in financial need . The priest's maintenance was later paid for by the monastery to compensate, which did not improve his financial situation.

In a description of the community, which a Heidesheim pastor wrote between 1667 and 1677 and which is in the Dioecesis Moguntina by Johann Sebastian Severus († 1797), it says about the St. George's Chapel: “Also stands on the field von Heidesheim a chapel of St. George, initially built as a building with poor masonry, later expanded and apparently consecrated because of the large number of pilgrims flocking there. ... After the feast of St. George is always celebrated here in the village, the local congregation goes there in a solemn procession and attends the festive mass and sermon. The residents of Budenheim and Finthen come here on Bittagen in the same way. "

“As an equipment, this chapel enjoys the fourth part of all tithe. And in 1665 it was rebuilt by Baron Philipp Erwein von Schönborn, who is held as its owner to pay the pastor of Heidesheim two guilders every year for the feast of St. George for mass and sermon, but three guilders to the choirs at mass. The first Vespers in the chapel is to be celebrated from this alms . "

The people of Heidesheim have remained loyal to St. George's Chapel over the centuries: When it was rebuilt in 1665, they transported the timber from the Rhine to the chapel and opened it there, "as a matter of concern for the worship service". And when the chapel burned down again in 1776, Pastor Michael Priester urged the Archbishop's General Vicariate to work towards the fact that Count von Schönborn rebuilt it. A statue of St. George, which is now kept in the Catholic rectory in Heidesheim, testifies to the baroque furnishings of the church.

When France annexed the left bank of the Rhine in 1797, the St. George's Chapel fell to the state. The tithe was abolished and the pilgrimages stopped. When the building was put up for auction in 1806 for demolition, the people of Heidesheim defended themselves: The president of the church council, the mayor and the pastor asked the prefect of the Donnersberg department, Jeanbon St. André, to close the church's St. George's chapel left. The request was granted.

Then it became quiet around the St. George's Chapel. You won't find it in Georg Dehio's manual . And in 1934 Ernst Krebs wrote: “So now the sanctuary of St. George still stands as lonely and abandoned down there as it was hundreds of years ago, and when you enter the modest interior of the church, you feel in this room in a time long gone shifted and only a sudden train rushing past destroys the deception and reminds of the gap that separates the beginning of the old place of worship from the present. "

The St. George's Chapel is also missing from Ernst Gall's revision of Dehio's handbook. Only in the third edition from 1972 does one find an appreciation: “Lonely in the field north of Heidesheim, near the former Roman road Mainz-Bingen: hall building with just closed choir and profiled triumphal arch pillars, probably 10th century (see the fighters of the hall church in Nieder-Ingelheim). Walled portal in the south wall with dedicatory inscription on the lintel . West portal and window changed in the 15th century. Remains of a baroque interior. "

The fact that the public appreciation for the oldest and most important building in Heidesheim has grown steadily since then is thanks above all to the St. Georgskapelle Heidesheim eV association. He has been campaigning for the restoration of the building since 1984, which means that the chapel is now in a condition appropriate to its importance, both inside and out. It is used again for church services. For the next few years, the association has set out to carry out excavations in their area and thus to advance the scientific development of the Roman villa rustica and the Franconian settlement connected to it.

Sponsorship

Today the chapel belongs to the parish of Heidesheim of the Roman Catholic diocese of Mainz .

Web links

Commons : St. Georg (Heidesheim)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franz Staab , Heidentum und Christianentum in der Germania prima between antiquity and the Middle Ages, in: Drs., Ed., On the continuity between antiquity and the Middle Ages on the Upper Rhine, Sigmaringen 1994 (= Upper Rhine Studies, Vol. 11), pp. 117–152 especially p. 143.
  2. ^ Fritz Arens , Heidesheimer Kunstdenkmäler, in: Mitteilungsblatt zur Rheinhessischen Landeskunde 4 (1955) p. 128; Rita Otto, On the dating of the church of St. George in Heidesheim, in: Heimat-Jahrbuch Landkreis Bingen 13 (1969) pp. 36–39.
  3. ^ Staab (see note 4) p. 143. The publication by Gerd Rupprecht announced there in note 92 - as far as I can see - has not appeared.
  4. ↑ Dieter Krienke, arrangement, Mainz-Bingen district. Cities of Bingen and Ingelheim, municipality of Budenheim, association municipalities of Gau-Algesheim, Heidesheim, Rhein-Nahe and Sprendlingen-Gensingen, Worms 2007 (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany. Cultural monuments in Rhineland-Palatinate, vol. 18.1) p. 323 f. especially p. 323.
  5. ↑ + VIIII KAL <endas> MAII DEDIC <atur> +. The date around 1200 in Krienke (see note 4) p. 324.
  6. ↑ Peter Acht, arr., Mainzer Urkundenbuch, Vol. 2 Part 2: 1176-1200. Darmstadt 1971, p. 782 ff. No. 477
  7. ^ Ludwig Baur, ed., Hessische Urkunden, Vol. 3: Rheinhessen 1326-1399. Supplements to all 3 provinces 1133-1335, Darmstadt 1863 (reprint Aalen 1979), p. 618 f. No. 1554.
  8. ↑ Krenke (as n. 4) p.324.
  9. ↑ The three days before Ascension, also applied to the whole week.
  10. ↑ Johann Sebastian Severus, Dioecesis Moguntina, in the Mainz city archive , signature HBA I 50, vol. III: Capitula ruralia Algesheim to Lohr, fol. 1r: Est et in agro Heydesheimensi capella sancti Georgii, in prima fundatione parvo muro constructa, exinde ob peregrinantium huc venientium copia ampliata et ut videtur consecrata, ... Festo sancti Georgii hic oppidi festive semper habito, communitas loci solenni eo processione supplicatum, sacroque et concioni solenniter habitis interest. In feriis Rogationum Budenheimenses et Findenses pariter huc veniunt. - Pro dote capella haec gaudet 4ta decimarum in omnibus. Annoque 1665 a Libero Domino Erwino de Schoenborn denuo fuit aedificata, qui ceu loci possessor parocho Heydesheimensi annue pro sacro et concione in festo sancti Georgii duos, choralibus vero ad sacrum cantantibus tres florenos porrigere tenetur; qua de eleemosyna et 1mae vesperae in sacello peragendae sunt.
  11. ↑ Ernst Krebs, contributions to the history of the Heidesheim churches and chapels and their pastors a) St. Georgskirche, in: Newsletter of the communities Heidesheim and Wackernheim 9th vol. No. 26 of March 29, 1934.
  12. ↑ a b Cancer (see note 11)
  13. ^ Georg Dehio, Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler , Vol. 4: Southwest Germany. In the appendix, Alsace-Lorraine and German-speaking Switzerland, 2nd edition Berlin 1926, p. 133.
  14. ↑ Georg Dehio, Handbook of German Art Monuments, revised. v. Ernst Gall, Pfalz and Rheinhessen, arr. with the assistance of Fritz Arens u. a., 2nd edition Munich and Berlin 1961, p. 57 f.
  15. ^ Georg Dehio, Handbook of German Art Monuments, Rhineland-Palatinate / Saarland, edit. by Hans Caspary, Wolfgang Götz and Ekkart Klinge, Munich and Berlin 1972, p. 295.
  16. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from January 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , read on January 26, 2016. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / bistummainz.de

Coordinates: 50 ° 0 ′ 6 ″  N , 8 ° 6 ′ 58 ″  E