Santissima Trinità della Magione
Santissima Trinità della Magione (Most Holy Trinity of Magione), usually simply called La Magione for short , is the name of a church building and a former monastery in Palermo . The church bears the honorary title of a papal minor basilica .
history
The church of Santissima Trinità is one of the last churches that the Normans built in Palermo. It was first mentioned in 1191.
It is likely that it was only recently founded together with an associated Cistercian monastery by Matheus of Salerno , Vice Chancellor of King Wilhelm II , and completed by his son, Archbishop Nikolaus von Salerno . The dates of a foundation around 1150 (or already around 1140) in the literature of the 18th century are based on the oldest, partly damaged documents in the archive, which, however, do not concern the monastery at all, but the Hospital San Giovanni dei Lebbrosi , which was opened in 1219 , when the monastery had already been transferred to the Teutonic Knights, whose settlement was connected.
After the monastery was elevated to the status of an abbey, it was given various features. For the year 1194 the name of the only Cistercian abbot Ludovicus is mentioned. A relationship between the Santo Spirito monastery and the Magione does not appear until the 17th century in Cistercian sources and, like the year 1173, must be considered dubious. Its subordination to Santo Spirito di Palermo from the line of the Sambucina monastery would have belonged to the filiation of the Clairvaux Primary Abbey , there is no contemporary evidence.
After the Cistercians of Palermo were probably on the side of King Tankred in his disputes with Emperor Heinrich VI. on July 18, 1197, the monastery was handed over to the Teutonic Order , with whose Hospital of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem it was united and in whose possession it remained until 1492. The church was now called S. Maria della Magione (probably from Mansio = settlement), but later again SS. Trinità della Magione. A contradiction by Pope Innocent III. with Emperor Heinrich VI. against the transfer was unsuccessful, and Pope Honorius III. confirmed the transition to the Teutonic Order in 1220. After the expulsion of the Teutonic Order, the abbey was given to Kommendendatarabte .
Plant and buildings
The three-aisled, towerless church with a rectangular floor plan with three apses (the middle one with intersecting cross-arches) suffered severe damage in the Second World War and has been restored on it. a. the wooden ceiling of the central nave was rebuilt. As early as 1920 to 1924, the classicist façade from 1787 was replaced by a façade with three portals in the original form with upholstered cuboids all around, an ornamental form that came from the Orient into occidental architecture during the time of the Crusades. The building is structured by two-tier blind arcades. The interior is unusually steep. Of the cloister, only the south-east wing adjoining the church with paired columns and ogival arcades has been preserved; it is related to the one in Monreale . The remaining sides of the cloister are later additions.
literature
- Balduino G. Bedini: Breve prospetto delle Abazie Cistercensi d'Italia. Dalla fondazione di Citeaux (1098) alla meta del secole decimoquarto. Casamari, Rome 1964, pp. 83-84.
- Giovanella Cassata, Gabriella Costantino, Rodo Santoro: Romanesque Sicily. Echter Verlag, Würzburg 1988, ISBN 3-429-01133-7 , p. 318.
- Reinhardt Hootz (ed.): Art monuments in Italy. A picture manual. Volume 1: Wolfgang Krönig: Sicily. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1985, ISBN 3-534-08444-6 , p. 462, with ill.
- Gaetano Rubbino: La Basilica della Santissima Trinità detta La Magione a Palermo. Guida storico-artistica. sn, sl 2003 ( I Quaderni di "CNTN" 7).
- Lynn Townsend White Jr .: Latin Monasticism in Norman Sicily. The Mediaeval Academy of America, Cambridge MA 1938, pp. 276-278 ( The Mediaeval Academy of America. Publication 31 = Monographs of the Mediaeval Academy of America 13, ZDB -ID 1134980-3 ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Horst Enzensberger , Guillelmi I regis diplomata , Cologne-Vienna 1996, p. 24 [Codex diplomaticus Regni Siciliae. Series prima, tomus III] ISBN 3-412-00689-0 Preliminary remark to D WI 8
Web links
- Entry at Itinerari Culturali del Medioevo Siciliano
- Website of the Certosa di Firenze about the monastery with some photos with questionable information about the history and superficial Germanization of some terms.
Coordinates: 38 ° 6 ′ 49.1 ″ N , 13 ° 22 ′ 8.1 ″ E