Sambucina Monastery

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Sambucina Cistercian Abbey
Portal of the former Sambucina abbey church
Portal of the former Sambucina abbey church
location ItalyItaly Italy
region Calabria
province Cosenza
Coordinates: 39 ° 26 '42.5 "  N , 16 ° 19' 15.7"  E Coordinates: 39 ° 26 '42.5 "  N , 16 ° 19' 15.7"  E
Serial number
according to Janauschek 		363
Patronage St. Mary
founding year 1160  ?
Year of dissolution /
annulment 		1780 or 1807
Mother monastery Casamari Monastery
Primary Abbey Clairvaux Monastery

Daughter monasteries

Monastery Novara di Sicilia (1167)
convent of Santo Spirito di Palermo (1173)
Monastery Roccadia (1176)
Monastery of Santa Maria del Galeso (1195)
Monastery Acquaformosa (1195)
Monastery Sant'Angelo in Frigido (1217)

The Sambucina Monastery ( Italian : Santa Maria di Sambucina ) is a former Cistercian monk abbey in Calabria , Italy . It is located around 7 km east of Luzzi in the province of Cosenza in the western part of the Sila Mountains, at 780 m above sea level.

history

The monastery is said to have been founded in 1160 as the first monastery under the Norman rule in southern Italy, although there is no evidence. There is evidence of a donation of land by King Wilhelm II of Sicily to the monastery in 1166, which concerned the royal land on the western bank of the Crati River . The abbot Dominicus named therein was elected abbot of Montecassino in 1171 , the oldest reliable evidence for Cistercians in Sambucina comes from the year 1188. There is no evidence of a different founding date of 1140 (also with a Benedictine predecessor monastery since 1087). According to local tradition, the founding convention is said to have come from the Casamari monastery . Thus Sambucina belonged to the filiation of the Primary Abbey Clairvaux Monastery . In the late 12th century, Joachim von Fiore lived briefly near the monastery.

The monastery quickly took a strong upswing and established six subsidiary monasteries, namely Monastery Novara di Sicilia (1172) and convent of Santo Spirito di Palermo , Monastery Roccadia (1176), the convent of Santa Maria del Galeso (1195), Monastery Acquaformosa (1197) and monastery of Sant 'Angelo in Frigido (1220).

A first earthquake severely damaged the monastery in 1184. The reconstruction in the 1190s was led by the fifth abbot Luke (1193-1202). As later Archbishop of Cosenza (1203-1227), the building of the cathedral there goes back to him .

Abbot Johannes von Sambucina stayed in 1217 for six weeks in the monastery Eberbach in the Rheingau . On his way back to Calabria, Abbot Johannes was followed by a large number of monks from the Eberbach to the Sambucina monastery. Since the monks violated the vow of the {stabilitas loci with this resettlement , Abbot John is said to have been removed from the general chapter of the order. From 1220 at the latest, his successor, Abt Bonus, is documented. This event was preceded by Eberbach's failed attempt to found his own daughter monastery in the Kingdom of Sicily .

The “studium artium” that was maintained in Sambucina was well known. The abbot Bernhard became bishop of Cerenzia . In 1421 the monastery fell in the coming period . Due to an earthquake, the church partially collapsed in 1569 and the monastery was also damaged. The monks then retired to the Matina Monastery , but returned in 1594. The church was shortened by four bays and the facade was moved back. In 1633 the abbey joined the Calabrian-Lucan Cistercian Congregation. The monastery was abolished in 1780 on the basis of a decree by King Ferdinand IV (according to other information only under Joseph Bonaparte 1807). A restoration took place in 1973.

Plant and buildings

Parts of the apse area and a pair of pillars in the central nave have been preserved from the original structure from the 12th century. The portal in the set-back west facade was built in the 13th / 14th centuries. Century. The three-aisled church corresponded to the Bernhardin plan with protruding transept and rectangular choir closure.

literature

  • Balduino Gustavo Bedini: Breve prospetto delle Abazie Cistercensi d'Italia. Dalla Fondazione di Citeaux (1098) alla meta del Secolo decimoquarto. Tipografia Casamari, Casamari 1964, pp. 58-59.
  • Pietro De Leo, Certosini e Cisterciensi nel Regno di Sicilia. Rubbettino, Soveria Mannelli et al. 1993, ISBN 88-7284-159-3 .
  • Valentino Pace: Art Monuments Italy. Apulia - Basilicata - Calabria. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1994, ISBN 3-534-08443-8 , p. 456, m. Fig. Of the portal.
  • Frederico Parise, Il disegno dell'architettura cistercense in Calabria. Saggi e documenti di storia dell'architettura, vol. 56, Firenze 2006, ISBN 88-6055-081-5 , pp. 71-100.
  • Emilia Zinzi, I cistercensi in Calabria: presenze e memorie. Studi e Testi - Istituto Regionale per le Antichità Calabresi Classiche e Bizantine. Rossano 1999, pp. 27-46.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alessandro Pratesi : Carte latine di abbazie calabresi provenienti dall'archivio Aldobrandini . Città del Vaticano 1958 (Studi e Testi 197), pp. 86–90, No. 36
  2. ^ Volkhard Huth: Visionaries in Eberbach . In: Nassau Annals . tape 114 . Verlag des Verein für Nassau antiquity and historical research, 2003, ISSN  0077-2887 , p. 38-46 .

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