Santo Spirito (Palermo)
| Cistercian Abbey of Santo Spirito di Palermo | |
|---|---|
 former Abbey of Santo Spirito |
|
| location |
 ItalyRegion of Sicily Metropolitan City of Palermo |
| Coordinates: | 38 ° 5 '57 " N , 13 ° 21' 46.5" E |
| Serial number according to Janauschek |
422 |
| Patronage | Holy Spirit |
| founding year | 1173 ? |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1516 |
| Mother monastery |
Sambucina Monastery later Casamari Monastery |
| Primary Abbey | Clairvaux Monastery |
|
Daughter monasteries |
|
Santo Spirito (Sanctus Spiritus de Panormo) is a church and a former Cistercian abbey in Palermo . The church is located in the Sant'Orsola cemetery.
history
Between 1173 and 1178 Archbishop Walter of Palermo founded a Cistercian abbey outside the city, but still this side of the Oreto river , for whose settlement he brought monks from the Calabrian monastery of Sambucina . The monastery thus belonged to the filiation of the Clairvaux Primary Abbey . King Wilhelm II also supported the foundation, as did Queen Mother Margaret . There was probably already a chapel with the patronage of the Holy Spirit, which was not in use for the Cistercians at the time. In 1196 the priory of Santa Maria di Altopiano in Calabria was attached. Whether Joachim von Fiore stayed at the royal court in Palermo in Santo Spirito cannot be ascertained in the few surviving sources. The first abbot known by name, Alexander, is documented in 1196. The name of the abbot, who did not take part in the general chapter in 1214, but was excused on the orders of the Pope, is unknown. In 1232, the General Chapter of the Order subordinated the monastery to the Casamari Monastery .
On March 30, 1282 was the time of Vespers of Easter Monday in the square next to the church, an incident the people of Palermo instead, capable of causing the Sicilian Vespers applies. Therefore the church is also called Chiesa del Vespro (Church of Vespers).
After the death of the last Cistercian abbot Bonifacio di Bono in 1443 the abbey when it was Coming to Gio Peralta and then to the royal chaplain Antonio Ferro and later at Kardinalnepoten awarded: ( Marco Barbo (1468-1491), Lorenzo Cibo de 'Mari 1492 until 1503). In 1504 (after a further award by the king to Francesco della Rovere finally in 1516), King Ferdinand attached the monastery to the hospital of Palermo ( Grande Ospedale ). In 1573 the Senate of Palermo assigned the monastery to the Olivetans as alternative quarters, as their Santa Maria dello Spasimo branch had to give way to an extension of the city fortifications. One of the pieces of furniture that was moved to the new seat was a painting by Raphael , but it was alienated and now hangs in the Prado as Spasimo di Sicilia .
In the 18th century, the monastery was regularly abandoned during the summer months due to the unfavorable climatic conditions. In 1782 the viceroy Caracciolo laid out the cemetery, at which point the monastery had already been abandoned. In 1783 all monastery buildings were demolished.
church
After the cloister was demolished, only the church to the north of the former enclosure remains. The choir protrudes only a little beyond the width of the nave. The pointed gable facade has nothing in common with the original. The north side and apses are decorated with polychrome arches and ornaments in the upper area. in part of the arches there are ogival windows. The apses have overlapping blind arches. The ogival apse windows are framed by a kind of fold frieze.
The church is an arched three-aisled basilica with three semicircular apses, square pillars in the choir and round pillars in the nave. The choir is raised compared to the nave. There are still traces of original painting on the wooden ceiling. The baroque transformation of the 17th century was reversed in 1882.
literature
- Balduino G. Bedini: Breve prospetto delle Abazie Cistercensi d'Italia. Dalla fondazione di Citeaux (1098) alla meta del secole decimoquarto. Casamari, Rome 1964, pp. 69-70.
- Giovanella Cassata, Gabriella Costantino, Rodo Santoro: Romanesque Sicily. Real publisher u. a., Würzburg u. a. 1988, ISBN 3-429-01133-7 , pp. 121-124.
- Elena DelSavio (Red.): Sicilia. 6. edizione. Touring Club Italiano, Milan 1989, ISBN 88-365-0350-0 , p. 230 ( Guida d'Italia del Touring Club Italiano ).
- Reinhardt Hootz (ed.): Art monuments in Italy. A picture manual. Volume 1: Wolfgang Krönig: Sicily. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1985, ISBN 3-534-08444-6 , p. 462.
- Rocco Pirri: Sicilia Sacra, disquisitionibus et notis illustrata ubi libris IV postquam de illius patriarcha & metropolita disquisitum est a Christianae religionis exordio ad nostra usque tempora cujusque praesultatus […]. Edizione 3a emendata, et continuatione aucta cura Antonini Mongitore. Coppula, Palermo 1733, pp. 1294-1299.
- Teresa Torregrossa: La Chiesa di Santo Spirito in Palermo. Alinea editrice srl, Florence 2000, ISBN 88-8125-339-9 ( Saggi di storia dell'architettura antica e medievale 1; with extensive bibliography).
- Lynn Townsend White Jr .: Latin Monasticism in Norman Sicily. The Mediaeval Academy of America, Cambridge MA 1938, pp. 168-171 ( The Mediaeval Academy of America. Publication 31 = Monographs of the Mediaeval Academy of America 13, ZDB -ID 1134980-3 ), (Italian edition. Il Monachesimo latino nella Sicilia normanna, Traduzione di Andrea Chersi, Dafni, Catania 1984, pp. 259-263).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Not until 1220 is another monastery with this name in Apulia known. Whether the unrest dealt with at the General Chapter relates to Santo Spirito in Palermo cannot be decided: Canivez: Statuta . I, p. 523
- ^ Joseph Maria Canivez: Statuta capitulorum generalium O.Cist. I, Louvain 1933, p. 421
- ^ Joseph Maria Canivez: Statuta capitulorum generalium O.Cist. II. Louvain 1934, p. 106
- ↑ Kenneth Meyer Setton: The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries . tape 1 . American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia 1976, ISBN 0-87169-114-0 , pp. 140 (English, online version in the Google book search).