Hunt

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The sculpture depicting a pig hunt around 1500 in the Berlin zoo by Carl Begas , 1904. However, the hunter seems to have too few dogs. While one has grabbed the boar by the plate, the second has already been beaten by the latter.

The hunt was a form of witch-hunt in which certain game species not only hounded by Hatzhunden (prosecuted), but were also caught and packed.

Delimitations

In today 's hunter's language, the noun hate refers to the process of chasing and positioning at the end of a search , provided the game can still escape. In the hunt hunted to certain wild with hounds. According to Adelung , Hetze is the most common form of the word Hatz or its equivalent in High German . Hunting and chasing are not understood synonymously in the hunter's language today, as it may be in everyday language, where the meaning changes and hunted hunt, hunted and hunted are slightly different. Occasionally, hounding was also understood as the hunt for smaller game such as rabbits , while Hatz stands for the hunt for big game like wild boar.

In contrast to parforce hunt, hunting was not a form of endurance or exhaustion hunt .

In the par force hunt, it was not desirable that the hunted game confronted the dogs early. The parforce dogs (see hound ) hunted on the trail. The main aspect was basically the ride of the hunting party. At the end of this hunt, the hunted piece of game, such as a deer, regularly stopped from exhaustion and was then killed by the hunter or another high-ranking member of the hunting party.

When hunting, the dogs chased the game on sight. The aim was usually to get the game through the dogs; H. to tie it in place, possibly to hold on to it, to cover it so that a hunter could kill it with a naked weapon . During the sow hunt it was considered honorable to impale a boar charging at full speed with a boar or a boar pen from the front.

way

To hunt bears " strongest dogs in front of them to attack, pack and hold " were used, of which the " great English docks , the Baehrenbeisser and strong Pomeranian males " were best, says Ridinger , around 1750.

Heavy and light dogs were used together to hunt larger game, traditionally especially wild boar and bears . The chase was led by the light dogs, while the heavy dogs were mainly responsible for the blankets. The type of game determined the number and proportion of dogs used. To the heavy hounds are among Danes to the light in particular greyhounds . For hunting small game easy hounds were used for. B. Greyhounds.

The entirety of a mixed group of hunt dogs was also referred to as a "hunt". The dogs of one of these must have been used to each other and used together. For a hunt for a big boar or a “main pig” , an ideal hunt consisted of just under a dozen dogs. If less strong wild boars were to be hunted, the hunt could also be formed from fewer and less heavy animals. Depending on the size and scope of the hunting event, quite a lot of such hunts could be used. The hunter and other high-ranking participants in the hunt then alternated between different prepared locations. The former was accompanied, if necessary, by a mounted man who carried one of his own dogs on the chase line, which was then called "Leib-Hatze".

General course of a sow hunt

At each location, the huntsmen were placed by means of their leaders (with Hartig: "Hatzmeister") and their subordinate dog handlers in such a way that known locations of the wild boar were surrounded with several hunts or they were positioned at important game passes . The most promising places were assigned to the high-ranking hunting participants, if necessary with their own hunting.

Then a pair of Saufinders or Saubeller was used, which was sent into the thickets to roam through them, to find the sows and to make them active by barking. When the sows then came out to suitable clear spaces, they were hunted down by sending the hounds either gradually in pairs or as a whole hunt all at once on sight. Care was taken that the dogs actually see the game; if this was not the case, this was ensured by showing them to the dogs that were sent first. Lighter, fast dogs of the hunt ensured that wild boars could not escape as much as possible; while the heavier ones tried to raise the sows. The heaviest dogs in the hunt were intended to grab and hold on to the strongest game - ideally this was done on both ears of the wild boar.

Chase the ball

If the sows remained hidden in an inaccessible thicket or the like after the finders were dispatched - that is, not visible to the hunt participants - they were "rushed to the ball". During this "hunt for the ball" an entire hunt was sent to the barking of the finders regarding the sows - the hounds initially hunted neither with their sense of smell nor by sight, but by hearing. This variant was considered riskier and less safe, as some or all of the hunting dogs could shoot past where the finder occupied the sow, the dogs here had to get along for longer without the help of the hunters and therefore more likely to be beaten by the game, which was considered to be very defensive and other things more.

graduation

The hunters followed the chase both on foot and on horseback. In order not to endanger the dogs, the hunter used a boar or deer catcher to catch (kill) the pig . The hunter designated for this approached the pig, which was bound by the dogs, from behind and thrust the hunting weapon under the shoulder blade. It was basically beneficial and desirable that the dogs not let go before this had happened; what the hunter had to work towards, otherwise he endangered his own life. However, this meant that some dogs then had to be “broken off” or “broken loose”. To do this, a kind of “lever” or “toggle” was carried, which was a little more than the size of a thumb, 10 to 16 inches long and tapered at one end but had to be blunt. Alternatively, a pinch in the rod should help.

During a princely hunt, several places could be hunted down in this way, which had previously been delimited by means of a lead dog , prepared by hunting personnel and where further hunts etc. had already been placed.

A whole hunt was hounded "on the ball" - by Ridinger, around 1750

Wound care

Because of the expected risk of injury to humans and animals, a doctor was usually involved in the princely sow and bear hunt, who had to care for both humans and dogs. An old saying goes: "If you want to hunt sows, you have to dare dogs". Healing treatment for dogs was also common in non-princely hunts in the 18th century. The simplest form of wound care for dogs was carried out using a "stapling needle" with silk thread and knives to clean the wounds. If no viscera were injured, according to some authors, the chances of recovery were quite good. As a rule, wagons were also carried on which not only the hunted game but also injured dogs were transported away. It was also common that in any case as packer Hatzhunde used partially in Hatz wild boars with bulletproof jackets made of linen, which on the underside with Fischbein were protected were amplified.

Sports

The dogs originally used specifically for hunting were also used for entertainment and sporting events, especially in England - where the wild boar had been exterminated at the beginning of the 17th century. In this "bear and bull biting " parts of the hunt were imitated and the dogs used for this were called "bulldogs"; they later became the English bulldog breed .

Coursing and greyhound racing on a racetrack emerged from the rabbit hunt with greyhounds ; an artificial prey dummy is still used today.

Legal situation in Germany

According to Section 19 (1) No. 13 of the Federal Hunting Act , hunting game is prohibited. Hackbarth / Lückert give as a (legal) definition for hunt : any form of hunting in which the hunted animal is held by the chasing animal before it is killed by the hunter. Hunting is therefore a hunt forbidden in accordance with Section 19 (1) No. 13 BJagdG .

According to § 3 S. 1 No. 8 Animal Welfare Act , chasing one animal on another is prohibited. Excluded from this prohibition are the requirements of humane hunting, as in the case of baiting . In the case of the latter, the hunting times of the individual animal species must be observed and only animals listed in Section 2 of the BJagdG may be hunted. In addition, only dogs that have been appropriately trained and tested may be used.

See also

literature

Web links

Wiktionary: Hatz  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Haseder p. 324
  2. ↑ "Hunting is a hunt, the game being caught and grabbed by dogs." Stephan Behlen in: Real and Verbal Lexicon of Forestry and Hunting Studies with their auxiliary sciences: T - Z, Volume 6, Sauerländer, 1843, p. 208 (digitized from Google Books)
  3. ↑ Haseder p. 332
  4. ^ Johann Christoph Adelung , Grammatical-Critical Dictionary of High German Dialect, Volume 2. Leipzig 1796, p. 999. Entry: Hatz at Zeno.org
  5. ↑ such as in Herder's Conversations Lexicon. Freiburg im Breisgau 1855, Volume 3, p. 300, entry: Hetze at Zeno.org
  6. ↑ cf. the use in the entry: Hetzen in: Pierer's Universal-Lexikon, Volume 8. Altenburg 1859, p. 347 at Zeno.org - there, however, without 'Hatz'
  7. ^ Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Volume 8. Leipzig 1907, p. 870, entry: Hatz bei Zeno.org
  8. ↑ From the caption of the above drawing by Johann Elias Ridingers , published by Museums in Thuringia
  9. ↑ Haseder p. 332, keyword: Hetzhunde
  10. ↑ Georg Ludwig Hartig in: Textbook for hunters and those who want to become one , Rötzl and Kaulfuss, 1832, Volume 2, p. 136 (digitized at Google Books)
  11. ↑ a b c d Heinrich Wilhelm Döbel : Opened Jäger-Practica, or The well-trained and experienced hunter ... , p. 77 , published by Johann Samuel Heinsius, Leipzig 1746. (digitized at Google Books)
  12. ↑ Hartig: 6 to 12; of which half up to two thirds difficult, ibid, p. 137 in footnote; Chub: 8 to 10, light, medium and heavy - of which at least 4 to 6 heavy, ibid; Ridinger: 8 to 10 pieces, light, medium and heavy (The huntable animals hunted by different types of dogs, VI.)
  13. ↑ also referred to as "Boll" or "Keif", Hartig ibid, p. 140
  14. ↑ a b Georg Ludwig Hartig in: Textbook for hunters and those who want to become one , Rötzl and Kaulfuss, 1832, Volume 2, p. 139 (digitized from Google Books)
  15. ^ Heinrich Wilhelm Döbel : Opened Jäger-Practica, or The well-trained and experienced hunter ... , p. 78 , published by Johann Samuel Heinsius, Leipzig 1746. (digitized at Google Books)
  16. ^ A b Hansjoachim Hackbarth, Annekatrin Lückert: Animal protection law: practice-oriented guide . Hüthig Jehle Rehm, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-7825-0436-4 , pp. 62 ( online ).
  17. ↑ Haseder, Stinglwagner p. 332