Schöpfbau

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As Schöpfbau or pumping station is known in mining a Verlaugungskammer or Laugwerk that is built without lower brine discharge and operated. The brine is obtained using buckets or barrels. Schöpfbaue were from the 13th century in Haselgebirge widespread for brine production. They are the oldest form of underground brine extraction.

Basics

In bucket construction, the solubility of the salt in water is used to extract salt. This form is particularly common in the Hasel Mountains, as they are partially saline mountains mixed with gypsum, clay and anhydrite . By adding fresh water, the salt is released from the salt store mixed with impurities. This process is known as leaching and the degradation process is known as “wet degradation”. The saturated brine is manually skimmed off with scoops and taken away for further processing. The extraction of brine by means of a scoop construction was carried out until the end of the 16th century. A distinction was made between the simple scoop construction and the scoop construction with pütte. At the beginning of the 17th century, these processes were replaced by a technical modification, the so-called drain mechanism .

Creation of the simple bucket construction

First, a side tunnel was driven from a main tunnel . These tunnels called the miner as a shaft straightening shaft straightening or Creates straightening . Then, at the end of the excavation, a ton- long pit was built down to a depth of around ten meters. This was provided with steps and called an Ankehrschurf . At the foot of the return chute, a cavity, the so-called work room, was created for the solution process. The side walls of the cavity referred to the miner as elm, the ridges as sky or plant sky and the lower surface as a sole. After completion, the fresh water required for leaching was channeled over the return chute. This was conducted via wooden pipes, the so-called dykes , from above days to the scoop construction. The miner called this process sweeping. The leaching process has now started.

Creation of the bucket building with Pütte

The scoop construction with pütte is a further development of the simple scoop construction. First of all, the shaft was driven. Then a small shaft, which the miners called Pütte , was sunk at a depth of 20 to 30 meters at the end of the shaft straightening . The pütte was provided with a simple hand reel that was later used to convey the brine. After completion of the pütte, a lye room, the so-called work room, was created on its bottom . The return chute was driven next to the pütte. This reached into the workroom at the base. The return chute was provided with steps. The fresh water required for brine production was conducted from above ground via wooden pipes to the leaching room.

business

After the fresh water has been introduced into the liquor room, the water attacks the side walls and the ceiling and dissolves the salts and admixtures from the mountains. The miner described this process as etching or cauterization. As soon as the brine had a salt content of around 27 percent, it was saturated and could be skimmed off. This was done with buckets or barrels. Skimming was done either manually or with the reel system over the pütte. The constituents that were insoluble during leaching, the laist , fell on the bottom of the leaching room and had to be removed manually with leather buckets from time to time . After emptying the liquor room, it was filled with fresh water again. Care was taken to ensure that sufficient water was poured in so that the sky increased by a certain amount, the so-called caustic dimension.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Heinrich Veith: German mountain dictionary with evidence. Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1871.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Carl Schraml: The development of Upper Austrian salt mining in the 16th and 17th centuries. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. Volume 83, Linz 1930, pp. 170, 175, 230, 234 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  3. ^ A b Carl von Scheuchenstuel: Idioticon of the Austrian mountain and hut language. For a better understanding of the Austrian mountain law. kk bookseller Wilhelm Braumüller, Vienna 1856.
  4. ↑ a b F. A. Fürer: Salt mining and salt mining. Printed and published by Friedrich Vieweg and Son, Braunschweig 1900, pp. 495–507.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Raimund Bartl: 500 years of the Berchtesgarden salt mine. In: VKS e. V. (Ed.): Potash and rock salt. 2nd edition, Berlin 2017, ISSN  1614-1210 , pp. 46–52.
  6. ^ Albert Miller: The southern German salt mining represented in a technical relationship. Especially reprinted from the III. Volume of the yearbooks of the educational institute in Leoben, in Commission at Tendler and Comp, Vienna 1853, pp. 29–45.
  7. ^ Robert Holnsteiner: Hydrogeological Risks in Mining. In: Contributions to Hydrogeology. Graz 2012, pp. 155, 156 ( PDF on oevh.org).
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Herbert Klein: On the history of the technology of alpine salt mining in the Middle Ages. In: Gesellschaft für Salzburger Landeskunde (Ed.): 1st Austrian Historians' Day. Publication, Vienna 1950, pp. 262–268.
  9. ↑ a b c Gustav Köhler: Textbook of mining science. Sixth improved edition, published by Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1903, pp. 333–337.