Šaḥar
Saḩār (Ugaritic SHR , arabic Schachar, SAHR, Shahr ; Aramaic Sahra , Sahr (a) and ancillary mold Il-Teri, Ilteri ; Jewish Aramaic Sehara ; neubabylonisch Seri, sera and secondary design Ilteri, Ilteru ) is on the one hand the West Semitic designation of the equivalent Accadian Moon deity Sin ; on the other hand, Shahar embodied the morning star and the dawn in the Ugaritic religion , the son of this deity was Helel .
etymology
The initial consonant of the Aramaic form "Sahr (a)" is still occupied with "Š" in older traditions. Only later is the Syrian spelling “Sahra” (“moon”) adopted. "Sahr (a)" was written in another minor form in cuneiform with "Šér" and "Tér", mostly with the prefix "Il" ("God") as "Il-Ter (i)".
The name Šér is derived from the name D "Šahr-idri" ("Še-e-ri-id-ri", " D XXX-er-id-ri"), which is common in Nayrab, and the address of the moon god by the Babylonian king Nabonid , who used the nairab form "Il-Ter (i)" for the worship of the moon . The influences on the name spelling from the Ugaritic religion with regard to the designation Šéhrum or Šahrum (morning star) is assumed by linguistics.
Use of the name
Ḥaḥar as the moon god
From the descriptions of the Babylonian king Nabonid during his ten-year stay in the Tayma oasis , the mythological spelling of the names Teher and Tér-il in the form of Il-Teri (god of the moon / lord of the moon) was confirmed.
The Marduk priesthood used the naming of Il-Teri to equate the lunar deity Sin, who was elevated to his chief god by Nabonidus. In the verse poem of Nabonidus the Babylonian king is accused of having prayed to the Aramaic moon god Il-Teri , who gave him the secrets of divine wisdom in a revelation and thereby made Nabu-na'id wiser than Adapa .
Aḥar as the deity of the dawn
In the Ugaritic religion, Šaḥar is the daughter of the deity El . In a myth fragment it is reported: “El surprised the goddesses Athirat and Šapšu at a well and then impregnated them.” From this connection the pair of gods Šaḥar emerged as dawn and Šalim as dusk. Both were worshiped as friendly deities who appeared as hybrid beings .
Assigning names in the present
Based on the etymology , the Arabic name Sachar, Saḥar is used as a female first name and means: The ruler / queen / mistress from early evening until midnight .
literature
- Wilhelmus C. Delsmann: The inscription of King Zakkur von Hamath In: Otto Kaiser : Texts from the environment of the Old Testament - Vol. 1: Legal and economic documents; Sequence 6 - . Gütersloher Verlagshaus Mohn, Gütersloh 1985, ISBN 3-579-00065-9 , pp. 626-627.
- Manfred Krebernik: Moon god - The moon god in neighboring Semitic languages - . In: Dietz-Otto Edzard : Reallexicon of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology ; Vol. 8 . de Gruyter, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-11-014809-9 , p. 364.
- JW McKay, Helel and the Dawn-Goddess: A Re-Examination of the Myth in Isaiah XIV 12-15. Vetus Testamentum 20/4, 1970, 451-464.
- Manfred Weippert: Nikkal in Nairab In: Dietz-Otto Edzard: Reallexicon of Assyriology and Near Eastern Archeology; Vol. 9 . de Gruyter, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-11-017296-8 , pp. 358-359.
- Salem-Ahmad Tairan: The personal names in the old Sabaean inscriptions - A contribution to the old South Arabic naming - . Olms, Hildesheim 1992, ISBN 3-487-09665-X , p. 119.
- Al Wolters: Belshazzar's Feast an the Cult of the Moon God Sin , Bulletin for Biblical Research 5, 1995, pp. 199-206
Individual evidence
- ↑ Klaus Koch : Syria, Kanaan - The mythology of Ugarit - . In: Emma Brunner-Traut : The great religions of the ancient Orient and antiquity . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-17-011976-1 , p. 75.