Synthesis (electrical engineering)

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In electrical engineering, synthesis is the development of technical systems. A system that exhibits these properties is developed on the basis of specified or required properties and behavior. It is thus the counterpart to system analysis , which develops a model of the same for a given system .

Basics

Compared to the empirical procedure or that of the experiment , the synthesis is obtained from a mathematical model with a circuit. It is known from analysis experience that there are often several realizations that match in at least one of their properties. This shows that the synthesis problem and thus the special synthesis tasks cannot be solved clearly. The subtasks of a synthesis are:

  1. Mathematical synthesis
  2. Structure synthesis
  3. Equivalence stage
  4. realization

Types of synthesis

In electrical engineering, synthesis refers to the design of electronic circuits, systems or fields:

Circuit synthesis (analog)

The design of analog circuits and systems is known as circuit synthesis. A distinction must be made between the synthesis of linear and non-linear systems. The synthesis of linear circuits and systems in electrical engineering was largely founded as a science by the German scientist Wilhelm Cauer . The theory of the synthesis of circuits with a given frequency response - the filter design - has been extensively developed. For the synthesis of non-linear circuits and systems there is still no unified theory. There are some nonlinear differential equations (DGL), such as the Van der Pol DGL and its modified forms, which are used in the synthesis of nonlinear oscillators . As a rule, controlled voltage and current sources are used to synthesize the basic elements. The technical implementation, e.g. B. as a transistor circuit or by means of an operational amplifier (OPV) is left to the editor.

Circuit synthesis (digital)

The term synthesis is also used for the design of digital circuits. The functional description of the circuit (mostly in a hardware description language ) is converted into a tag network list . This translation is done by the synthesis tool (see logic synthesis ). Separate methods are available for the design of special circuit classes such as data path and state machines.

Layout synthesis

Under layout synthesis refers to the automated creation of the geometrical arrangement of the cells and their compounds (the so-called. Mask layout) in the layout design of an integrated circuit . Input information is the network list as well as library information on the cells and technology information. The result of the layout synthesis is the graphic, level-specific mapping of all elements of the circuit, often in a so-called GDSII or OASIS file format.

Synthesis of fields

When synthesizing fields, one uses the specification of boundary, initial and boundary conditions and looks for an electromagnetic field that meets these requirements. The task of realizing fields on the basis of a given bifurcation behavior also arises .

literature

  • Wilhelm Cauer, Wilhelm Klein, Franz M. Pelz: Theory of linear alternating current circuits. (in 2 volumes), Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954–1960.
  • Chua, Desor, Kuh: Linear and nonlinear circuits. McCraw-Hill Book Company, New York 1987, ISBN 0-07-100167-0 .
  • Philippow, Büntig: Analysis of nonlinear dynamic systems in electrical engineering. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-446-16287-9 .
  • Süsse (Hrsg.): Theoretical electrical engineering. Volume 3: Analysis and synthesis of electrotechnical systems. Wissenschaftsverlag Ilmenau, Ilmenau 1997, ISBN 3-9806486-2-1 .
  • Scarbata: Synthesis and Analysis of Digital Circuits. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Oldenbourg 2001, ISBN 3-486-25814-1 .