Ship loader
Ship loaders are devices for loading ships with bulk goods , sacks or boxes. The load is conveyor fed and passes via a movable boom from the vessel, where it is either in free fall, a fall pipe or a slide in the loading hatch reaches the ship. The boom is usually designed to be movable to avoid the ship moving during loading.
Types of ship loaders
Longitudinally movable ship loaders
Longitudinally movable ship loaders are the most powerful. The material is fed on a conveyor belt that runs parallel to the quay . The ship loader can move on a portal undercarriage along the edge of the quay and extend and retract the boom perpendicular to the edge. This type of ship loader is used in large coal and ore ports. It can load up to 12,000 t of bulk goods per hour.
Swiveling ship loaders
In this type, the boom moves around a fixed pivot point and is supported in the process on a roadway running radially around the pivot point or a straight roadway. Such systems are suitable for loading ships at a greater distance from the shore. The design requires less space than a longitudinally movable ship loader, but usually not all hatches can be reached without moving the ship because the boom running at an angle to the ship would collide with the open hatches or with other superstructures of the ship.
Mobile ship loaders
Mobile devices are used at berths that are not used solely for handling bulk goods. They can be completely removed from the quay when not in use. These devices are mostly designed for smaller conveying capacities.
Ship loader for bulk goods
Ship loaders for bulk goods are designed in such a way that the cargo arrives on the ship with as little damage and environmental emissions as possible. The material is therefore only rarely thrown off the conveyor belt overhead in free flight, but usually slides downwards in a telescopic tube. In order to reach the corners of the cargo space, the telescopic tube can either be pivoted hydraulically or there is a rotatable spoon-shaped spout at the lower end. To avoid dust formation and to protect the load, the telescopic tube is usually provided with cascade chutes, which reduce the flow speed of the material.
Ship loader for sacks
In the case of ship loaders for bagged goods, the sacks are usually transported over the ship on a conveyor belt and then slide down via a spiral chute. At the head of the ship loader there is usually a turntable and a short telescopic conveyor belt so that the corners of the hold can also be reached. Usually, the sacks are easily guided by a worker when they are dropped from the head of the shiploader in order to achieve the most compact stowage possible. In this way, up to 2500 bags per hour can be loaded.
Ship loader for cardboard boxes
Ship loaders can also have a helical continuous conveyor , which allows cardboard boxes with fruit to be transported. These ship loaders can also be used as ship unloaders in the opposite direction.
Ship loader manufacturer
The following companies manufacture ship loaders:
- Sandvik
- SMB International, Quickborn
- Buhler
- ThyssenKrupp
- FAM Magdeburg conveyor systems and construction machinery
literature
- Birgitt Brinkmann: Sea ports: planning and design . Springer-Verlag, 2005, ISBN 978-3-540-26976-2 ( limited preview in Google book search [accessed October 16, 2015]).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c loading heads: the right solution for every condition. January 28, 2010, accessed October 17, 2015 .
- ↑ Picture of a loading head for cardboard boxes. Retrieved October 17, 2015 .