Shimon ben Jochai
Shimon ben Jochai ( Hebrew שמעון בן יוחאי; also Shimon bar Jochai ; in Mishnah and Baraita simply R. Simon ; Jochai is the abbreviation of Jochanan ; the short name Raschbi also occurs) was a Tannait of the so-called third (after others the fourth) generation .
He lived in the second century CE and was a pupil of Rabbi Akiba in Bne Brak , although Akiba initially did not want to accept him as a pupil because Shimon's father had supported the Roman side at the time of the Bar Kochba uprising .
Legend has it that Rabbi Simon later came out against the Romans and, condemned to death by them, hid with his son Rabbi Eleazar in a cave for 13 years, where they ceaselessly studied the Torah. After Emperor Hadrian's death, he went to Rome and healed the imperial princess from a serious illness. As a result, he obtained the repeal of the Hadrianic Jewish laws from Emperor Antoninus .
There are no written records of Shimon ben Jochai, but some works are ascribed to him:
- Sifre, an exegetical midrash for the 4th book and 5th book of Moses
- Mechilta , a midrash to the Book of Exodus (abbreviation: MRS)
- For some time it was believed that he dictated the Zohar to his disciples. Today, however, it is more of the opinion that the author of the Zohar was Moshe de Leon from the 13th century . In Orthodox Judaism , Rabbi Shimon ben Jochai is still considered the author of the Zohar.
Rabbi Simon was a teacher of Yehuda ha-Nasi .
Shimon's tomb is in Meron in Galilee , not far from Zefat . It is a place of pilgrimage for Jewish pilgrims and is particularly popular on the 18th of Ijjar , the traditional day of Shimon's death. This is also Lag baOmer , the festival on the 33rd day after Passover .
Others
The lawyer and “chronicler in the Jewish style” Christoph Gottlieb Richter (1717–1774) used the pseudonym Simeon ben Jochai for one of his historical works .
literature
- Israel Konovitz: Rabbi Simeon bar Yohai. Collected Sayings in Halakah and Aggadah, in the Talmudic and Midrashic literature . Mossad Harav Kook, Jerusalem 1966 (Hebrew)
- Kaufmann Kohler , M. Seligsohn : Simeon Ben Yohai. In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): Jewish Encyclopedia . Funk and Wagnalls, New York 1901-1906.
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Shimon ben Jochai |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Shimon bar Jochai; R. Simon; Yochai; Rashbi (short name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Jewish scholar, Tannait and student of Rabbi Akiba |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1st century or 2nd century |
| DATE OF DEATH | 2nd century or 3rd century |
| Place of death | buried Meron , Galilee |