Lauterbach Castle (Bergkirchen)

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Michael Wening : Lauterbach Castle
View from the south

Lauterbach Castle is located in the village of Lauterbach in the Bergkirchen municipality in the Dachau district in Bavaria.

The castle, like the electoral castle in Dachau, is located on the ridge of a moraine hill, clearly recognizable in the landscape, which is pushed far into the plain to the west.

history

The fortress Lauterbach was built in the first half of the 13th century. During this time the Dachau family appeared, who sat on Lauterbach from around 1250 to 1437. Through the marriage of Veit von Eglofstein to Penvels to Margret Dachauerin, the castle passed into their family. The first document concerning Lauterbach dates from 1449. Veit von Eglofstein and his wife sold on the advice of their father Konrad von Eglofstein zu Pernvels to Hannsen the Hunt zu Dorf , her brother-in-law, and to his heirs the castle and half of the HofmarkLauterbach. For the next hundred years, apart from the various owners, there is no news of changes or constructions at the castle. The fortress built by the Dachauers gradually fell into disrepair. Jörg or Georg Hundt zu Lautterbach and Valkenstein finally had almost the entire castle rebuilt around 1550. Apian summarizes this state on his map from 1568. A rectangular high building is enclosed by a thick circular wall, the four corners of which are reinforced with defensive towers.

The castle was badly damaged by the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War. It is not certain whether the chapel existed before the war. However, there must have been a castle chapel in 1626, as several foundation letters exist from this year. On June 29, 1626, Georg Hund zu Lauterbach announced, "He had taken on a chaplain, and asks the Bishop of Freising to allow him to read masses in the castle chapel ..." Whether this chapel building was and was a predecessor of today's The place where this chapel stood is not documented. There is a sales letter from 1635. Hanns Georg Hundt von Lauterbach zu Sulzemoos , electoral headess, sold to his cousin, Johann Philipp Hundt von und zu Lautterbach auf Eisolzried , electoral councilor and cavalry master, and to his heirs for an undisclosed sum of 10 yoke of wood, which in the documents as "Stuellholz " referred to as. This can be an indication of the construction of a new roof structure, perhaps even that of a chapel that was destroyed by the war and now rebuilt. On August 26, 1666, Duke Albrecht Sigmundt , Bishop of Freising, confirmed the foundations made by Johann Christoff Hundt von und zu Lauterbach for the castle chapel built there. The pastor of Einsbach was appointed as the castle pastor of Lauterbach, who took care of the church celebrations for certain annual income. The chapel was dedicated to Mary Queen of Heaven and St. Joseph was consecrated.

In the second half of the 17th century, Johann Franz Maximilian Servatius von Hundt had the palace restored, which was almost the same as a new building. Wening reproduces this condition in his engraving from around 1700.

The castle consists of two wings, the southern and northern wings of which meet at right angles. In the inner corner, a stair tower with a square floor plan is raised over all three floors. Above the third floor, the tower continues as an octagonal drum covered by an onion. To the south of the tower is an arcade in front of the facade over all three storeys, which extends over a width of two arcades or two window axes. The gable roof is towed over this porch. The south and east gables are crowned by five curved battlements. The north wing, decorated with a rich architectural structure, is further emphasized by two small corner towers. The south rests on consoles and starts with the first floor. Its floor plan can be expanded to form an octagon. The onion-shaped tower cover corresponds to the stair tower. The northern bay window, which is also polygonal, is slimmer, it begins on the second floor and is closed with a high tent roof. A northern extension that completes the courtyard is characterized by arcades on its southern facade. Five broad arches on the ground floor correspond to ten narrow ones on the first floor. A gable roof closes the building above the third floor. A hexagonal fountain in the castle courtyard carries the figure of a Neptune with a trident on a baluster column. In his description of the castle Wening writes: “This castle ... was built again by the current owner / and, according to the situation, has been considerably improved with clean bluem = kuchel = and tree garden / precious water works / and other buildings that are necessary for a necessary economic creation . “Wening depicts a large-scale French parterre in his engraving, which is surrounded in the west and north by a single-storey arcade building. This shows a flat roof developed as a terrace. In the central axis of the north arcade, an elaborate staircase leads to the terrace. This building cannot be verified, perhaps it was being planned and Wening had included it. The connection between the chapel attached to the north wing and the northern annex remains unclear on the engraving. Wening depicts the chapel as a two-storey building with a wide gate on the ground floor, and a roof turret rises above its north wing.

A second Wening engraving shows Lauterbach Castle from the north-west. Essentially, the three structures mentioned and the chapel extension can be seen. The stair tower is apparently missing. The north facade of the chapel, which is also at least two-story here, is rounded. In the background rises a tower that Wening drew on his other engraving as a roof turret to the chapel, now it no longer has any connection to it. Nothing can be seen of the arcade building to the north either.

The assumption arises that Wening reproduced two different structural conditions of Lauterbach Castle. If so, the engraving with the northwest view is older. This would mean that the south and north wings were actually two independent buildings, with the north wing having the function of the manor house. The chapel, whose function is also visible to the outside, is attached to this. When it was rebuilt at the end of the 17th century, the castle was given a slightly different structural design. The north wing was extended to the west, the two buildings were connected with a stair tower, which also had to accommodate the different heights of the two structures. In the course of this large-scale renovation, the chapel probably also changed its external shape. The curve of the apse was concealed by a straight wall to the north. The bay windows on the central wing probably also come from this period.

Apparently, major changes were made to the castle around 1800. According to an undated drawing, perhaps around 1800, but in any case before 1850, it is particularly striking that the northern extension no longer exists. The arcade construction on the south wing shown at Wening is also not shown. Whether it ever existed, and if so, in what form, must remain open for the time being. The stair tower has got a new, bell-shaped cover. The single-storey chapel building is adorned to the north with a bell gable. The gable decoration on the north wing has disappeared except for the ridge pinnacle, and the fountain in the castle courtyard no longer exists.

The new roofing of the stair tower probably dates from the last quarter of the 19th century and is documented on the basis of an estimate and an invoice, both without a year. The "preliminary measurements u. Calculation of costs for the production of a new tower roof for highborn Mr. Count Hundt at Lauterbach Castle ”contains the exact material and quantity information for the tent roof that is still in place today.

Plans by the master builder Wolf from Bruck before 1834 and 1839 about "New wagon shed" and "Extension to the new building of Lauterbach Castle Economics" show, on the situation plan, that there is again a building in place of the northern wing shown in Wening. On the plan from 1834 this is shown as "Holz Remiße". The massive terrace extension on the south wing of the castle is more recent. Since around 1850, Lauterbach Castle has not undergone any major alterations except for various changes to the interior of the castle. The oriel turrets alone have swapped their roofs for simple monopitch roofs.

In the 19th century, the lord of Lauterbach Castle was among others Friedrich Hektor Hundt , Ministerialrat and Chairman of the Historical Association of Upper Bavaria.

The palace chapel was renovated until 2017 with funding from the German Foundation for Monument Protection .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://tag-des-offenen-denkmals.de/laender/by/148/7653/

Web links

Commons : Lauterbach Castle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 15 '58.3 "  N , 11 ° 18' 4.7"  E