Marly-le-Roi Castle
The Marly-le-Roi Castle was in the French town of Marly-le-Roi in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region , about 15 kilometers west of Paris .
history
Before Louis XIV of France decided to set up his permanent seat in Versailles , he had a hunting and summer palace built in Marly as a private retreat; the small town Marly that already existed there was therefore renamed Marly-le-Roi . The construction of the royal domicile and the park completely changed the face of the city and the surrounding area. Construction began in 1679 under the direction of Jules Hardouin-Mansart and lasted until 1686.
The main building was accompanied by a total of twelve individual pavilions, which in turn were assigned small gardens. The pavilions, arranged symmetrically on the long sides of a central axis of water basins, were used to accommodate guests; the king himself lived in the main castle. The buildings were all covered with pseudo-architecture - the actual architecture was therefore very simple and reserved.
This relaxed construction method in the form of individual pavilions, used for the first time in Marly-le Roi, quickly spread throughout Europe. In German-speaking countries, Marly's palace and gardens were, for example, the model for the palace in the Great Garden of Dresden (1678–83), Clemenswerth Palace near Sögel (1737–47), the Hermitage in Waghäusel and the Favorite pleasure palace in Mainz (1700–22) .
With the machine from Marly below Marly-le-Roi on the Seine , water was pumped hydraulically through the Louveciennes aqueduct into a reservoir in Louveciennes 100 meters higher . From there, in the presence of the king, it fed either a cascade in the park or was directed into the (naturally arid) park of Versailles Palace to operate the numerous water features there.
Louis XVI von France and his wife Marie Antoinette were the last two representatives of the French royal family to live in the castle in Marly-le-Roi. After the revolution , the property was abandoned and fell into ruin. It was sold to a cotton manufacturer in 1799/1800, but his factory in the castle went bankrupt in 1806. The following year, Napoleon bought the property back into the hands of the state, in which it is still today. In 1816 the castle was finally torn down.
Only a few remains of the foundations of the castle can still be seen today. The pumping system is also no longer available. The gardens are only preserved in a very simplified form. A group of horse figures from a horse trough on the former palace terrace has stood at the beginning of the Avenue des Champs-Élysées since 1794 , copies were again put up in Marly in 1985. Some works of art from the castle are on display in the Cour Marly of the Louvre .
In 1932 the park of Marly was declared a " Monument Historique ". The French general Charles de Gaulle stayed here for several months after his resignation.
Marly general plan from the 18th century
The interior of the main building
Plan of Marly's baths
A figure of the group of horses from the park of Marly. Guillaume Coustou the Elder Ä. , around 1745. Today in the Louvre
literature
in alphabetical order by authors / editors
- Bernd H. Dams: Marly - the origins of the Royal Castle of Marly: Iconology and architecture . Faculty of Architecture at RWTH Aachen University 1998 (dissertation).
- Claudia Hartmann: The Marly Castle: A mythological charterhouse. Form and function of Ludwig XIV's retreats = manuscripts for art history in the Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft 47. Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft , Worms 1995. ISBN 978-3-88462-946-8
- Vincent Maroteaux: Marly. L'autre palais du soleil . Vögele, Geneva 2002, ISBN 3-9522154-4-9 .
Web links
- Marly State Assets
- Measuring forces: Marly's machine and the culture of technology 1680-184 0 , online resource for the dissertation by Thomas Brandstetter, Weimar, Bauhaus-Univ., Fac. Med., 2006
- Aerial view of the current state
- Castle Park of Marly-le-Roi
Coordinates: 48 ° 51 ′ 50 ″ N , 2 ° 6 ′ 0 ″ E