Tüschenbroich Castle
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Tüschenbroich Castle is a castle complex near the village of Tüschenbroich , about 25 km west of Mönchengladbach in the headwaters of the Schwalm .
history
The historical nucleus was the moth overgrown by trees in the middle of the mill pond . This Motte Tüschenbroich ( ground monument on an island probably separated from the mainland by a moat in the middle of the castle pond) was built as a moated castle and first mentioned in 1172 as Thuschinbroc . The buildings burned down in the Thirty Years War .
Tüschenbroich belonged to Wassenberg and later to the Duchy of Jülich .
In 1624 Franz von Spiering bought Tüschenbroich, which had been destroyed in the war, for 24,200 Reichstaler . He had the complex rebuilt as a baroque palace complex in brick construction. The "Codex Welser", an illustrated inventory of all knightly feudal estates in the Duchy of Jülich, shows both the main castle island and the outer castle complex, which is still partially preserved today, which later mutated into the main castle after being destroyed.
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Renovation work followed again in 1876 after the castle was badly damaged after a storm.
Tüschenbroich Castle is now privately owned.
Farm building and chapel
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The castle had an oil mill , a thatched half-timbered building from the 18th century with an undershot water wheel and pan mill - however, a mill will have stood at this place before, because "it was a secure source of income for the castle lords, who were always hungry for money". The mill - at its core from the 14th / 15th centuries Century - produced linseed oil until 1912. She used to work six hours a day, but later she suffered considerably from the lack of water and from around 1850 only three hours a day were worked. "Like almost all mills in the past, the oil mill was a ban mill in which, due to the ban law, the residents of a precisely defined area had to grind".
Today it is a glass art studio and is also used for events.
Further in the Tüschenbroich forest on the way to Geneiken is the octagonal, early Baroque Ulrich chapel from the 17th century (it was built by Mr. von Spiering around 1640) .
Up until the end of the Second World War (around 1944) there was an inscription (as a wooden sign) above the entrance to the Ulrich chapel: “ST. VLLRICHS CAPELLE 1546 ". However, this cannot be the year the chapel was built, as it can clearly be dated to the 17th or 18th century in terms of art history. The old bell in the roof turret, cast in 1587 by the Aachen bell caster Heinrich von Trier , and the carved chapel door also indicate that there was a previous building from which the wooden shield, bell and chapel door come. In 1546 a St. Ullrich chapel is mentioned for the first time in a document and it is noted that it - in arce - d. H. lying in the castle. This, St. The chapel, consecrated to Ulrich , stood for centuries as a castle chapel on the round island of Tüschenbroich. The renaissance style oak chapel door is also much older than the chapel itself. a. It is noticeable that the door with the straight lintel at the top does not fit into the arched wall opening at all and the lock on the inside also comes from the Renaissance . Since the missing wooden sign was nailed to the frame of the old wooden door, it must very likely have been built or made in 1546. However, it is no longer known when the St. Ulrich's chapel was built on top of the castle hill, from which the door, the bell and the wooden sign presumably come. It was first mentioned in documents in 1456, because on September 14, 1456 the Bishop of Liège confirmed that the St. Ulrich's Chapel was re-donated by the castle owner Heinrich von Mehlich. Between 1624 and 1630 the old Tüschenbroich Castle burned down completely on the round island. The old chapel will also have been partially destroyed.
The legend of Count Heinrich von Melich, who had a robber captain sentenced to death without realizing that it was his own son Ulrich, whom he had repudiated years earlier, also grows around the St. Ulrich chapel.
On the eastern edge of the Tüschenbroich forest near the Schwalm there is another low moth (51 ° 07'03.2 "N 6 ° 16'23.4" E), "which is recognizable today as a flat hill within a silted up ditch in the overgrown area of the Kummerter bush The remnants of ditches that start at the actual moth ditch indicate the existence of an outer bailey in which the economic part of the complex was located. This form of the complex can be observed regularly in the Rhineland, and there is also a pronounced one in the Wegberger urban area easily recognizable moth with outer bailey at Aldeberg in Arsbeck ". It is believed that this farmyard was abandoned and that its residents subsequently founded the "Brühler Hof" 300 m further down the Schwalm, the foundations of which were found in 2001 during reforestation work. The Brühler Hof is still entered on the map of the Prussian land survey from 1846. He was first mentioned in 1397 (as "ten Breul") in the tax list of the Wegberg parish.
The former flour mill belonging to the castle has been converted into a restaurant. This grain mill passed into the possession of Gormann's Councilor of Justice two years earlier than the oil mill (i.e. 1834). The names of the two "Tüschenbroich mills" already indicate that the oil and grain mills were always housed in two different buildings. Nothing about that changed until the mills were shut down. The Tüschenbroich grain mill has a large reservoir in front of it, with which an existing swamp basin was also flooded to protect the castle complex. The moth may have been cut off from the mainland in the northeast and elevated. It can be seen as a truncated cone-shaped island, the plateau of which supported the high medieval castle. The lower-lying construction of the grain mill benefits from a water gradient of around 2.50 meters. The wheel of the Tüschenbroicher mill is the only overshot wheel of a swallow mill. The mill used to have two grinding cycles, but they couldn't both run at the same time. One grind was used on average six hours a day. The new owner Jungbluth had the wooden ark demolished in 1877 and replaced with a stone one that is still in existence today. The mill operation was finally stopped in 1940. The following tenants have been working “on” the mill since 1826: Jakob Werner Dahmen, Stefan Dahmen, Wilhelm Gillißen and, most recently, the Königs brothers. The lords of the Tüschenbroich castle were always very careful that the surrounding farmers also had the mill grind. This “ mill compulsion ” becomes particularly clear through the following document dated December 20, 1628: “All residents of the Freyherlichkeit Tuschenbroch are hereby ordered under penalty of three gold guilders, nowhere else than Tuschenbroch to have the compulsory mills ground, and one or the other would To act contrary to this, should the same thing happen so often, he should have lapsed into three Goltgulden punishments ... “This mill compulsion was regarded as a relic of serfdom in the French era (beginning of the 19th century) and was finally abolished.
Summer leisure facilities at the pond are mini golf course, fishing park and boat rental. The Tüschenbroich Forest is a popular local recreation area for hikes and bike rides on the southern edge of the German-Dutch Maas-Schwalm-Nette nature park .
literature
- Archive Advice Center Rhineland (Ed.): Inventories of non-governmental archives Volume 41. The archive of the barons of Spiering in the Wegberg city archive . Arranged: Monika Gussone, Eberhard Lohmann, Peter K. Weber, Brauweiler 2002.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Horst Jungbluth and Helmuth Elsner: The Schwalm - Tal der Mühlen , Schwalmtal 1990, p. 21 ff.
- ↑ Hermann Jungbluth: The St. Ulrichskapelle zu Tüschenbroich , in: Heimatkalender der Erkelenzer Lande 1954, p. 55 ff.
- ↑ Petra TUTLIES, Der Brühler Hof bei Tüschenbroich, in: Heimatkalender des Kreises Heinsberg, year 2003, p. 15ff.
- ↑ Petra TUTLIES, Der Brühler Hof bei Tüschenbroich, in: Heimatkalender des Kreises Heinsberg, year 2003, p. 16.
Coordinates: 51 ° 7 ′ 19 ″ N , 6 ° 15 ′ 47 ″ E