Nexhmije Hoxha

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Nexhmije Hoxha [ nɛdʒˈmijɛ ˈhɔdʒa ] (born February 7, 1921 in Bitola , Kingdom of Yugoslavia ; † February 26, 2020 in Tirana , Albania ) was an Albanian politician and the wife of the dictatorial ruling head of state of Albania , Enver Hoxha (1908–1985).

Life

She was born as Nexhmije Xhuglini in Bitola in 1921; her parents were from Debar . She attended the teachers' college in Tirana , which she graduated from in 1941. As a result, she taught in elementary schools and joined the Albanian Communist Party . In 1941 she was elected in their general assembly. She secretly participated in the party's underground activities. As a result, an absent court sentenced her to twelve years in prison; but she was never arrested. In 1944 she left Tirana to take part in the partisan battles against the German occupiers , but was still politically active.

In January 1945 she married the leader of the Albanian Communist Party, Enver Hoxha. She took on a leading role in national women's organizations. In 1948 she was elected to the National Assembly for the Albanian Workers' Party, the former Communist Party. In 1966, Hoxha was appointed director of the Institute for Marxist-Leninist Studies in Tirana.

The reign of the Hoxhas was marked by human rights violations and persecution of dissenters. Clergymen of all religions were particularly affected, as the Maoist - atheist orientation of the regime prohibited any religious practice . In the vernacular, Nexhmije Hoxha was considered the actual ruler of Albania, as she had a strong influence on her husband's decisions.

After Enver Hoxha's death in 1985, Nexhmije and other party leaders tried to maintain the regime until 1991. In March 1991 there were first free elections in Albania. In December 1991, Nexhmije Hoxha was arrested for corruption and subsequently sentenced. This verdict caused criticism, especially among the victims of the Albanian dictatorship, as they were only punished for paying excessive prices for the import of coffee. After serving five years in detention, she was released and said she would spend the remainder of her life cherishing the memory of her husband. From then on she lived in Tirana. Nexhmije Hoxha died on February 26, 2020 at the age of 99 in Tirana.

literature

  • Fahri Balliu: La femme du diable: Nexhmije Hoxha, veuve du dictateur Enver Hoxha . Favre, Lausanne 2008, ISBN 978-2-8289-1023-5 .
  • Renate Flottau: We never killed without a reason . In: Der Spiegel . No. 15 , 2004 ( online interview).
  • Christiane Jaenicke: Albania. A country portrait . Ch.links, Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-96289-043-8 , Nexhmije Hoxha - the black woman, p. 150-154 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Philippe Poisson: La femme du diable: Nexhmije Hoxha, veuve du dictateur Enver Hoxha. January 27, 2011, accessed November 30, 2014 (French).
  2. ^ A b J. F. Brown: Background Notes to Albania's Party Congress - Special Report. (pdf, 28.3 MB) In: Open Society Archives. February 2, 1961, accessed October 12, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Mesazhi: I biri konfirmon vdekjen e Nexhmije Hoxhës, ja fjalët që i kushton. In: Balkanweb.com. February 26, 2020, accessed February 26, 2020 (Albanian).
personal data
SURNAME Hoxha, Nexhmije
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Albanian politician and wife of the head of state of Albania, Enver Hoxha
DATE OF BIRTH February 7, 1921
PLACE OF BIRTH Monastir , North Macedonia
DATE OF DEATH February 26, 2020
Place of death Tirana , Albania