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Writing Master were called in the early modern teacher of writing, in the commercial cities, especially in Nuremberg , public order or privately operated schools where the art of writing (usually together with the arithmetic was) taught. In contrast to the Latin schools, these schools were called German schools . These schools, at which writing, reading, arithmetic, religion and moral teaching formed the subject matter, were attended by sons of the bourgeoisie who were supposed to train for the trade. Often the students also received board and lodging there.
Probably the most important writing master was Johann Neudörffer the Elder from Nuremberg , who published the first German writing book in 1519. This write books Master demonstrated based on in printmaking ( woodcut or engraving shown) examples, the different writing forms and manifestations calligraphic writings modes by which the write master also Modista or milliners were called.
The first scribe master's book (La Operina) , which was followed by numerous instructions from other Italian and Spanish calligraphers, came from Ludovico Arrighi (1475–1527), called Vicentino, who had worked in the papal chancellery as scrittore de brevi apostolici (papal breviary writer ) from 1515 . In 1522 he dedicated an outstanding contribution to the aesthetic perfection of this writing style with the Cancellaresca italica .
Examples of writing master books
- Ludovico degli Arrighi: La Operina da Imparare di scrivere littera Cancellarescha. Rome 1522, digitized .
- Giovannantonio Tagliente: Lo presente libro insegna la vera arte de lo excellente scrivere de diverse varie sorti de litere. Italy 1524 and 1546, digitized .
- Giovanni Battista Verini: Luminario da imparare ascriueri de ogni forte Littera D Giouambattista Uerini. Milan 1536, digitized .
- Giovanni Battista Palatino: Libro nuovo d'imparare a scrivere. Rome 1540, digitized .
- Gerard Mercator: Literarum latinarum, quas italicas, cursoriasque vocant scribendarum ratio. Louvain 1540, digitized .
- Juan Yciar, Saragossa: Arte subtilissima. 1548, digitized .
- Wolfgang Fugger : A useful and well-grounded form Manncherley nicely wrote ... Nuremberg 1553, digitized .
- Vespasiano Amphiareo da Ferrara: Opera nella quale s'insegna a scriuere varie sorti di lettere, &… 1554, digitized .
- Franz Joachim Brechtel: Works of the beautiful typists. Nuremberg 1573, digitized .
- Francisco Lucas: Arte de escrivir. Madrid 1577.
- Giovanni Francesco Cresci: Copies di piu sorti lettere. Venice 1578, digitized .
- Lucas Materot: Les œvre. Avignon 1560, digitized .
- Johann Baptist Schmid: Kurtze fürweisung Kunstlichs and dainty writing,… Nuremberg 1624, digitized .
- Johann Hering: Calligraphic font templates. Kulmbach 1626–1634, digitized .
- Pedro Díaz Morante: New Art of Writing. Madrid 1630, digitized .
- Sebastian Curtius : Kurtzer lessons sometimes more delicate scripts ... Nuremberg approx. 1642, digitized .
- Elias Augst: Teutsche Capital or Haubt - letters, […]. Steinigtwolmsdorf 1787. Digitized .
See also
literature
- Oskar Bätschmann : Writer's books . In: penmanship. School art and folk art in German-speaking Switzerland 1548–1980 (= Museum of Decorative Arts of the City of Zurich. Guide. Vol. 334, ZDB -ID 749393-9 ). Kunstgewerbemuseum, Zurich 1981, pp. 12–54 (exhibition catalog).
- Werner Doede: Bibliography of German writer books from Neudörffer to 1800. Hauswedell, Hamburg 1958.
- Sabine Wienker-Piepho : “The more learned, the more wrong”? Folklore and cultural history for writing skills. Waxmann, Münster a. a. 2000, ISBN 3-89325-786-1 , pp. 76–79 (at the same time: Göttingen, Universität, habilitation paper, 1998).
- Peter O. Büttner : Teaching to write around 1800. Wehrhahn, Hanover 2015, ISBN 978-3-86525-423-8 (also: Zurich, University, dissertation, 2013).
Web links
- Publications on typists and typists' books in the Opac der Regesta Imperii
Individual evidence
- ^ Ludovico degli Arrighi: La operina