Black winter radish
| Black winter radish | ||||||||||||
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Black round radish |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Raphanus sativus subsp. niger var. niger | ||||||||||||
| J. Kern. |
The black winter radish , or just black radish ( Raphanus sativus L. var. Niger J. Kern. , Syn . : Raphanus sativus var. Longipinnatus L.H. Bailey ), belongs to the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae). It is one of the autumn and winter radishes belonging to the garden radish, as is the 'Münchner Bier' variety, which forms white beet skin, as well as long blue autumn and winter and dark purple gournay.
Other names
Winter radish, long black Parisian radish, engl. Erfurter radish, black Spanish radish, franz. Radis noir long d'été, Radis noir rond d'hiver, Radis noir long d'hiver.
Origin and Distribution
The radish was already known to the Egyptians in 2500 BC. Known. It is mainly grown for storage throughout Europe and North America and was very popular until the middle of the 20th century. However, it then disappeared more and more and has found more buyers in the last ten years because many "old vegetables" are being rediscovered as rarities. It is mainly grown by organic farms and offered on the weekly markets from autumn. However, it disappears from the offer again when many fresh white radishes from the new harvest come in spring. It is also grown in very small quantities in Mongolia and Manchuria. He probably came there through travelers in earlier centuries.
description
Black radish is an annual herbaceous plant . The bristly hairy leaves are pinnate. It blooms reddish-purple.
The root is covered with a dark brown to black "scab". There are round and oblong shapes. The round shape is flat-round, eight to ten cm thick and seven to eight cm long. The elongated black radish is six to seven cm thick and 18 to 25 cm long. The beet is very firm and white in both shapes. The surface of the beet skin on the shoulder when the leaves are set does not discolour and the whole beet is only very slightly grooved across. The beet can weigh 300 to 500 g under favorable conditions. It is a so-called wood beet because, in contrast to the bast beet, it is mainly the xylem that takes on the storage function. The flower formation can be promoted (= vernalization ) by cool temperatures of five to eight ° C, which extends over a period of ten to 20 days. The shooting is accelerated by vernalization and the long day . Autumn and winter radish are the least likely to shoot. There is no division into dark or light germs for sowing. However, germination requires temperatures between 18 and 15 ° C (= warm germinator ).
Cultivation and harvest
For the harvest before the first frost, the seeds are sown in July. The row spacing is set to about 30 cm, within a row every 15–20 cm is sown. Radish needs a lot of water, especially in the last and strongest third of its growth. The development time is three and a half to four months. At the end of October, everything is usually harvested and stored until the first frost. Black radish can be stored very well in moist sand. Its rough, scabbed skin makes it insensitive to transport damage and pressure points. It is therefore one of the typical lager vegetables such as carrots, head cabbage and beets.
Diseases and pests
Radish fly , Small Kohlfliege, downy mildew , aphids , flea beetle , Verticillium -Gefäßkrankheit , Sclerotinia -Fäule , white rust , Spongy beets,
use
For medicinal purposes, the juice is extracted from the beet using sugar. This syrup clearly has antioxidant effects. The black radish juice is the most effective.
In the kitchen, the black radish is usually peeled (if the skin is still firm, it can be done with a peeler, for example ). The skin can also be eaten as long as it doesn't smell of mold. When cooked, it is used in potato soups, for example. For use as a salad, it is grated or very finely cut. Contact with the air, and probably even more so by sprinkling with salt or soaking in water or vinegar, reduces the sharpness typical of many radishes. In Japanese cuisine , long, very thin slices are cut with a very sharp knife by turning in the hand, which are decoratively draped, for example, as an accompaniment to sushi. Since it is only consumed in small quantities in this case, the spiciness is desirable and it is not salted.
swell
- ↑ Raphanus sativus var. Niger in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ J. Becker-Dillingen, Handbook of the entire vegetable cultivation - radishes and radishes, P.Parey-Verlag Berlin / Hamburg 1950, pp. 407-428
- ↑ a b c F. Keller et al., 100 Gemüse, Winterrettich, 1986, p. 84
- ↑ Vilmorin-Andrieux & Cie, Les Plantes Potagères, Troisième Édition, 1904, pp. 640 and 641
- ↑ HP Mathiassen, Grøntsager Friland PA, Ræddike, Vol. 2, 1987, p 235
- ↑ S. Shinohara, Vegetable seed production technology of Japan, Vol. 1, 1984, p. 196
- ↑ Bundessortenamt, Descriptive List of Varieties, 1995, p. 48
- ↑ CM. Messiaen, Le Potager Tropical, Radis d'hiver, Edition CILF, ISBN 2-85319-015-3 , 1998, p. 376
- ↑ H.-J. Wiebe, u. G. Alpers, Vernalization von Radich, Gartenbauwissenschaft 48, 1983, pp. 141-145
- ↑ H.-J. Wiebe, Influence of the day length on the shooting of radish, Gartebauwissenschaft 50, 1985, pp. 63-66
- ↑ G. Vogel, Handbook of Special Vegetable Cultivation, Radish, ISBN 3-8001-5285-1 , 1996, p. 398
- ↑ J. Mahla, Gärtnerische Samenkunde, 1950, p. 24
- Jump up ↑ J. Reinhold, Guide for outdoor vegetable cultivation, 1962, p. 382
- ↑ A. Lugasi et al., Phytotherapy Research : Antioxidant effect of squeezed juice from black radish. Volume 19, Issue 7, 2005, pp. 587-591
Web links
- Healthy heat - winter radish is a medicinal food in: Neues Deutschland from February 9, 2010
