Black-edged Vierfleckbock
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Black- edged Vierfleckbock ( Pachyta lamed ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pachyta lamed | ||||||||||||
| ( Linnaeus , 1758) |
The Schwarzrandige Vierfleck Bock ( Pachyta lamed ) is a beetle from the family of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae). It is one of eight species of its genus, of which only the yellow four-spotted buck ( Pachyta quadrimaculata ) occurs in Europe.
features
Characteristics of the adults
The black-rimmed quadruped buck reaches a body length of 10 to 20 millimeters, with the females with 14 to 20 millimeters being slightly larger than the males with 11 to 15 millimeters. The body is robustly built, typical of the species, and corresponds to that of the broad- shouldered buck ( Akimerus schaefferi ), but has less wide front ends of the wing covers ("shoulders") and does not narrow as much afterwards. The elytra are monochrome reddish brown to yellowish brown; in the males they can also be completely black, and in the females there are two irregular and indistinctly delimited and partially connected dark spots on each side. The front spot (flaw) is oblique to the middle from the shoulder bump, the other forms a black longitudinal spot in front of the rear end. The rear thighs are slightly curved.
Characteristics of the larvae
The larvae of the quadruped ibex reach a maximum length of 30 millimeters. The antennas are tripartite, with 6 small stemmata on each side of the head capsule . The mandibles have two inner keels. The pronotum has no small thorns. On the abdominal segments, including the seventh, there are dorsal ampoules covered with tubercles with distinct anterior transverse lines that enclose a wide area covered with tiny tubercles. On the ninth abdominal segment there is a central spine that arises from a triangular plate.
distribution
The black-rimmed quadruped ibex is a Holarctic species and occurs in Central and Eastern Europe and in other parts of Asia, but not in Western and Mediterranean Europe. In Asia it can be found in the north via Russia and neighboring regions to Mongolia , China , Korea and also on the Japanese islands . In North America there is also the subspecies Pachyta lamed liturata . In Europe there are two distribution zones separated from each other by a clear extinction zone : one in northern Europe, which includes the Scandinavian countries , and one in southern Europe. In Central Europe there is no evidence in Belgium , the Netherlands , Luxembourg and Liechtenstein . In Germany the species has been documented from Baden-Württemberg , Bavaria , Saxony-Anhalt (before 1950), Saxony and Thuringia . In Austria it is known from several federal states, in Switzerland it is also widespread.
Way of life
The black-rimmed quadruped ibex lives as a boreomontane species mainly in mountain forests at altitudes above 1000 meters, mostly in the subalpine area between 1200 and 1500 meters. It is a type of forest with a clear preference for spruce forests and forests and occurs there also in clear-cuts . The adults can be found from June to August. They are diurnal and can be found on tree stumps, spruce trunks, flowering shrubs and in green vegetation.
The black-rimmed four-spotted buck is monophagous and develops in spruces ( Picea ) and, more rarely, in pines ( Pinus ). The development of the larvae takes three years and takes place in dead, standing and still young spruce trees with a trunk diameter of around 20 to 25 centimeters. The larvae live in the lower trunk and root areas, which are lightly covered by humus , as well as in surface and stilt roots. The eggs are laid in cracks in the bark of mostly solitary trees, and the larvae eat their way into the area between the bark and the wood, where they can gnaw away considerable areas of the bark. To pupate, they migrate into the earth and adjacent humus layers.
Systematics
The Schwarzrandige Vierfleck block is an independent type of longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae), where it is in the genus of Vierfleck blocks ( Pachytes DeJean 1821 ) within the narrow blocks classified (Lepturinae). The first scientific description comes from Carl von Linné , who described it in 1758. In addition to this species, the genus also includes the yellow four-spotted buck ( Pachyta quadrimaculata ) (Linnaeus, 1758), which can also be found in Europe, as well as six other species.
The name for the genus is derived from the Greek "pachytes" for "fat" and refers to the robust physique. Lamed is the name of the Hebrew letter ל and was chosen because of the dark spot on the elytra in some individuals that is reminiscent of this letter.
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Type: Pachyta lamed (Linnaeus, 1758) - Black-rimmed Vierfleckbock." In: Bernhard Klausnitzer, Ulrich Klausnitzer, Ekkehard Wachmann, Zdeněk Hromádko: The longhorn beetles of Central Europe . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei 499, Volume 2, 4th edition. VerlagsKG Wolf, Magdeburg 2018, ISBN 978-389432-864-1 ; Pp. 366-368.
- ↑ a b c "11. Genre: Pachyta Stephens. “In: Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica. The beetles of the German Empire. KG Lutz, Stuttgart 1912; P. 9. ( digitized version )
- ↑ a b Bernhard Klausnitzer, Ulrich Klausnitzer, Ekkehard Wachmann, Zdeněk Hromádko: The longhorn beetles of Central Europe . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei 499, Volume 1, 4th edition. VerlagsKG Wolf, Magdeburg 2018, ISBN 978-389432-864-1 ; Pp. 105-107
- ↑ Pachyta lamed. Fauna Europaea, accessed June 20, 2020 .
literature
- "Species: Pachyta lamed (Linnaeus, 1758) - black-rimmed quadruped buck." In: Bernhard Klausnitzer, Ulrich Klausnitzer, Ekkehard Wachmann, Zdeněk Hromádko: The longhorn beetles of Central Europe . Die Neue Brehm-Bücherei 499, Volume 2, 4th edition. VerlagsKG Wolf, Magdeburg 2018, ISBN 978-389432-864-1 ; Pp. 366-368.
