Sulfur oxides

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When sulfur oxides (general formula S x O y ) is defined as the oxides of the chemical element sulfur .

Since sulfur can have different oxidation numbers, there are several different sulfur oxides.

Sulfur oxides
Oxidation
level of
sulfur 		Sum
formula 		designation Structural formula
<+1 S n O with
n = 5 ... 10 		Polysulfur monoxide
<+1 S 7 O 2 Heptasulfur dioxide Heptasulfur dioxoide.svg
< +1 S 2 O Disulfur monoxide Disulfur monoxide.svg
< +2 SO Sulfur monoxide Sulfur monoxide.svg
< +2 S 2 O 2 Disulfur dioxide Disulfur dioxide.svg
< +4 SO 2 Sulfur dioxide Sulfur dioxide.svg
< +6 SO 3 Sulfur trioxide SO3 Sulfur trioxide.svg
< +6 SO 4 Sulfur tetroxide Sulfur tetroxide.svg
< +6 (SO 3 ... 4 ) n Polysulfur peroxide

Sulfur oxides are formed during the combustion of sulfur and fuels containing sulfur ( coal , gasoline , heating oil , diesel fuel ), but also due to natural processes, e.g. B. volcanic eruptions .

During combustion processes, sulfur forms two main oxides:

Both sulfur oxides form acids in aqueous solution. The inconsistent sulphurous acid is formed from sulfur dioxide, and the very important sulfuric acid from sulfur trioxide . Both acids play u. a. play a role in the acidification of lakes due to acid rain and forest dieback . Both sulfur oxides are also poisonous as a gas.

In the context of the Federal Immission Control Act and its subsequent regulations as well as analogous environmental laws, the term sulfur oxide is used as a sum parameter for both sulfur oxides, the specification is made as an equivalent to sulfur dioxide.

Further sulfur oxides are polysulfur monoxides S n O (with n = 5 ... 10). These are suboxides in which the sulfur atoms have on average an oxidation number lower than + I, but actually have different oxidation numbers. In addition, there are also polysulfur peroxides (SO 3–4 ) n , the oxidation number of sulfur is + VI.

literature

  • Ralf Steudel : Sulfur-Rich Oxides S n O and S n O 2 ( n > 1). In: Top. Curr. Chem. 231, 2003, pp. 203-230. doi: 10.1007 / b13185
  • Ralf Steudel: chemistry of non-metals. 3. Edition. de Gruyter, Berlin 2008, pp. 455-462.
  • MW Wong, Y. Steudel, R. Steudel: Structures and vibrational spectra of the sulfur-rich oxides S n O (n = 4-9): the importance of π * -π * interactions. In: Chemistry European Journal. 13 (2), 2007, pp. 502-514. PMID 17013961

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ E. Riedel, C. Janiak: Inorganic Chemistry. 9th edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2015, ISBN 978-3-11-035528-4 , pp. 469–472, (accessed via De Gruyter Online).