Schweipolt Fiol

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Triodion for Easter , around 1491

Schweipolt Fiol (German Sebald Veyl , Sebald Feyl or Sebald Feiel , Latin Sveboldus Fiol ; * around 1460 in Neustadt an der Aisch , Franconia ; † around 1525 or 1526 in Krakow ) was a publisher and German printer in Krakow. He published the first ever prints in Cyrillic script .

Life

Sebald Feyl was born in Neustadt an der Aisch in Franconia . In 1479 he went to Cracow. There he initially worked as a goldsmith, mining engineer and mechanical engineer.

In 1489 he founded a printing company with the financial support of the businessman and banker Johann Thurzo . In 1491 he printed the Oktoich , an Orthodox liturgical book. This was the first book in Cyrillic script .

In 1491 he was convicted of a debt of 1,000 Hungarian florins and imprisoned. In March 1492 he was charged with heretical statements and convicted. The ecclesiastical court forbade him to continue to print books in Church Slavonic .

He probably stayed in Krakow until 1499. Around 1503 he lived for a while in Reichenstein in Lower Silesia, then in Levoča (Leutschau in der Zips) in what was then Hungary, where he also printed in Cyrillic letters. He spent his last years in Krakow again, supported by Johannes Thurzo. He died there shortly before March 1526.

Prints

Oktoich , 1491

Five incunabula are known from Schweipolt Feol :

The best preserved copy of seven still existing, once in the possession of the Wroclaw reformer Johann Hess (1490–1547), is in the Russian State Library in Moscow

  • Book of Hours ( Часослов ), 1491 facsimile
  • Fastentriodion , 1492/93 facsimile
  • Flower triodion , around 1491 (no exact year) facsimile
  • Psalter (no surviving copy)

Web links

literature

  • Ursula Timann: An unknown document on Sweitpolt Fiol, the first printer of the Cyrillic script. In: Gutenberg yearbook. , Vol. 73, 1998, pp. 111-120.
  • Z. Kuziela: The German Schweibold Fiol as the founder of the Ukrainian art of printing. In: Guttenberg yearbook. , 1936, pp. 73-81.
  • Kozłowska-Budkowa Zofia, Fiol (Fyol, Feyl, Fayl, Vayl) Szwajpolt. († 1525/6). In: Polski Słownik Biograficzny. , T. VI / 5, zecz. 30, Kraków: PAU, 1948, pp. 470-471.
  • H. Szwejkowska: Książka drukowana XV – XVIII wieku. Zarys historyczny. Wyd. 3 popr., PWN Wrocław, Warszawa 1980.
  • Max Döllner : Development history of the city of Neustadt an der Aisch up to 1933. Ph. CW Schmidt, Neustadt ad Aisch 1950. (New edition 1978 on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the Ph. CW Schmidt Neustadt an der Aisch publishing house 1828–1978. ) P. 58 and 682 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ The name at birth was Sebald Feyl ( Fayl, Veyl, Vehl ). In Poland it may have become Świętopołk Fiol . In the Cyrillic prints his name is given as Schweipolt Feol ( Швайпольт Феол )
  2. ^ The European Library
  3. ^ Russian State Library, Moscow
personal data
SURNAME Fiol, Schweipolt
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Vehl, Sebald; Veyl, Sebald; Fiol, Sweipolt
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German book printer
DATE OF BIRTH around 1479
PLACE OF BIRTH Neustadt an der Aisch , Franconia
DATE OF DEATH uncertain: 1525 or 1526
Place of death Krakow