Sebastian Lotzer

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Sebastian Lotzer (* around 1490 in Horb am Neckar ; † after 1525) was a German furrier , lay theologian, and reformatory and political writer .

Life

The twelve articles. Title page

After learning the craft of furrier, Sebastian Lotzer went on a hike , which brought him to Memmingen in Upper Swabia . Here he wrote five Reformation writings between 1523 and 1525. In 1525 he formulated the “ Memmingen Articles ” as the farmers' shop steward for the 27 villages of the Memmingen territory . A short time later he wrote the " Twelve Articles " and the " Federal Order " together with the Christian Association in the Peasants' War .

Lotzer was strongly influenced by Christoph Schappeler's reform writings . In his “Beschyrmbüchlein” from 1523, Lotzer was no longer content with attacking individual points of the old doctrine, but presented his own view of the gospel. With this he gave the population the spiritual weapons to support his convictions against the clergy To defend. As in many other umbrella books and tracts published at the time, his main concern was the rejection of the righteousness of works , the indulgence trade , the ear confession , the fasting commandments and the intercession of saints , on the other hand a commitment to the Lutheran doctrine of justification and a general priesthood of the faithful.

In 1523 Lotzer published:

"In a Christian letter it is stated that the laymen do and are right about the holy word of Gods to speak, learn, and write ..."

- First printed in 1523. Memmingen City Library 9.5.75-4 °.

He demands to believe only the word of God and not reason and deduces from this to proclaim “the word of god rayn and loud on all man's poem”. With his principle of not accepting anything that cannot be justified from the Bible, he gave the impetus, probably without wanting to, to a revolutionary turn in the church's doctrine and structure, which was then in upheaval. Even though Lotzer denied and rejected any use of force, he did excuse the Memmingen rioters.

To this day, there are no reliable information about the actual authorship of the two documents.

In his treatise The Peasants' War, the historian Peter Blickle assigns the origin of the 12 articles and the federal order to the Baltringer Haufen . The twelve articles are considered to be the first record of human and freedom rights in Europe and the first constituent assembly on German soil.

After the Swabian Federation put down the peasant uprising , Lotzer had to flee Memmingen in April 1525. Most recently traces of him can be found in St. Gallen . His place and date of death are unknown.

reception

In Memmingen a street and the municipal secondary school were named after him.

In Horb a Sebastian-Lotzer monument was on 23 September 2006 in Winter alley at the rising of the monastery erected by the sculptor Markus Wolf made of granite and a spearhead has modeled. On the front there is a quote from Lotzer's Twelve Articles: Darumb invents with the schryfft that we are free and want to be with the meaning that the Bible says that people are and want to be free. On the back it says: Sebastian Lotzer von Horb created a monument in the history of human and freedom rights in March 1525 with the twelve articles. After the common man's uprising was put down, he fled to St. Gallen, where his trace disappears into nothing.

Works

  • “Beschyrmbüchlein”: Ain vast haylsam consoling christelych insuperable Beschyrmbüchlin… M. Ramminger, Augsburg 1523
  • The Twelve Articles of the Peasants of 1525 . In: Alfred Götze , LE Schmitt (ed.): From the social and political struggle. The 12 articles of 1525. Hans Hergot, Von der neue Wandlung 1527 . Niemeyer, Halle (Saale) 1953, ( pamphlets from the Reformation period 20), ( reprints of German literary works of the 16th and 17th centuries 322), pp. 39–44
  • The Twelve Articles of the Peasants of 1525 . In: Academy of Sciences of the GDR (Hrsg.): Pamphlets of the peasant war time . 2nd revised edition. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1978, pp. 26–31
  • A healing admonition to the residents of Horb . In: Adolf Laube (Hrsg.): Pamphlets of the early Reformation movement . Volume 1. Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Berlin 1983, pp. 252–264

literature

Web links

Commons : Sebastian Lotzer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfgang Schenck: The imperial city of Memmingen and the Reformation . P. 74.
  2. ^ Wolfgang Schlenck: The imperial city of Memmingen and the Reformation . In: Memminger Geschichtsblätter , annual issue 1968, Verlag der Heimatpflege, p. 39.
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Schenck: The imperial city of Memmingen and the Reformation . Pp. 39, 42.
  4. ↑ Joachim Lipp: Sebastian-Lotzer-Denkmal Retrieved on October 6, 2013.
  5. ↑ Memmingen City Library 9, 5, 75, 4 °. Secondary source: Wolfgang Schenck: The imperial city of Memmingen and the Reformation . P. 74.
personal data
SURNAME Lotzer, Sebastian
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Sebastian Lotzer from Horb; Loytzer, Sebastian
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German reformer, reformatory and political writer
DATE OF BIRTH around 1490
PLACE OF BIRTH Horb am Neckar
DATE OF DEATH after 1525