Seondeok

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Korean spelling
Hangeul 선덕여 왕
Hanja 善德 女王
Revised
Romanization 		Seondeok Yeowang
Birth Name
Hangeul 김덕만
Hanja 金德曼
Revised
Romanization 		Gim Deok-man

Seondeok (善德; * before 632; † 647 ) was the 27th monarch of Silla and the first female head of state in Korean history .

biography

Seondeok's maiden name was Kim Deok-man. When she succeeded her late father King Jinpyeong in 632 , she ruled under the name Seondeogyeowang 'Queen Seondeok'.

Seondeok linked the families of General of the Army Silla Kim Yushin and the later King Muyeol by marriage. These two men later made important contributions to the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea . When the Baekje Empire invaded Silla, Seondeok formed an alliance with Goguryeo . After Goguryeo later also went to war with Silla, Seondeok fostered friendly relations with the Chinese Tang dynasty by sending royal ambassadors and students there. Emperor Tang Taizong then began a campaign against Goguryeo to support Silla. This multilateral diplomacy helped Silla gain hegemony over the Korean peninsula while maintaining independence from the Tang Dynasty.

Seondeok introduced Confucianism and a legal system into their country during their reign .

She also had several buildings built that have been preserved to this day. These include the Cheomseongdae observatory built in 633 , the Bunhwangsa Temple in Gyeongju and the Hwangnyongsa Pagoda, also located in Gyeongju , which was built in 645.

In 647, the Hwabaek , a council of aristocrats , attempted to overthrow Seondeok, fearing the growing power of the royal throne. This rebellion was put down by a group of royalists led by General Kim Yushin . Seondeok died that same year. Her grave is on Namsan Mountain.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Pae-yong Yi: Women in Korean History . Ewha Womans University Press, 2008, ISBN 89-7300-772-6 , pp. 137-140 .
  2. ^ A b Lim SK: Asia Civilizations: Ancient to 1800 AD . Asiapac Books Pte Ltd, 2011, ISBN 981-229-594-1 , pp. 78 .
  3. ^ The National Folk Museum of Korea (South Korea): Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Literature . 길잡이 미디어, 2014, ISBN 89-289-0084-0 , p. 193 .
  4. ↑ Jae-eun Kang: The Land of Scholars: Two Thousand Years of Korean Confucianism . Homa & Sekey Books, 2006, ISBN 1-931907-30-7 , pp. 65 .
  5. ↑ Patricia Ebrey, Anne Walthall: Pre-Modern East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History, Volume I: To 1800 . Cengage Learning, 2013, ISBN 1-133-60651-2 , pp. 105 .
  6. ^ Sŏng-nae Pak: Science and Technology in Korean History: Excursions, Innovations, and Issues . Jain Publishing Company, 2005, ISBN 0-89581-838-8 , pp. 13 .
  7. ^ Patrick Moore, Robin Rees: Patrick Moore's Data Book of Astronomy . Cambridge University Press, 2011, ISBN 1-139-49522-4 , pp. 507 .
  8. ^ A b Soyoung Lee, Denise Patry Leidy: Silla: Korea's Golden Kingdom . Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2013, ISBN 1-58839-502-2 , pp. 22, 25, 29 .
  9. ↑ Djun Kil Kim: The History of Korea . ABC-CLIO, 2014, ISBN 1-61069-582-8 , pp. 43-44 .
personal data
SURNAME Seondeok
ALTERNATIVE NAMES 善德 女王 (Hanja); 선덕여 왕 (Hangeul); Seondeok Yeowang (revised Romanization); 金德曼 (maiden name, Hanja); 김덕만 (maiden name, Hangeul); Kim Deokman (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION 27. Monarch of Silla
DATE OF BIRTH before 632
DATE OF DEATH 647