Settlement Movement

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Settlement movement is the name for a social reform strategy that started in Toynbee Hall, opened in London in 1884 . The settlement movement is considered to be the historical basis of community work .

history

Members of the educated middle class settled in the slums of the proletariat and offered neighborly contacts and further training opportunities. This was intended to strengthen the self-help potential of those affected, which was in contrast to the previously practiced help in the form of almsgiving .

Pioneers of the settlement movement were Arnold Toynbee , Samuel Augustus Barnett , his wife Henrietta and Jane Addams (see Hull House ).

The movement's first international conference took place in 1926, and in 1926 an international organization was founded that still exists today under the name The International Federation of Settlements and Neighborhood Centers .

Settlements in Germany

Settlements at the beginning of the 20th century in the tradition of Toynbee Hall

• There was the Social Working Group Berlin-Ost (SAG for short) founded by Friedrich Siegmund-Schultze in 1911 , a neighborhood aid and settlement project for "predominantly male residents from Berlin's Christian student body".
• The Volksheim Hamburg , initiated by the theologian, educator and former resident in Toynbee Hall , Walther Classen , existed in Hamburg from 1901 to 1922 .
• The Charlottenburg housing estate founded by Ernst Joel was built in 1915 .
• The Volksheim Leipzig existed in Leipzig from 1909 to 1928 , and the former SAG employee Wenzel Holek played a key role in its work .
• In 1916, on the initiative of Siegfried Lehmann, the Jewish Volksheim was opened in Dragonerstraße (today's Max-Beer-Straße ) in Berlin's Scheunenviertel , which existed until the end of the 1920s.
• The Jewish Toynbee Hall for public education and entertainment on Nollendorfplatz, founded by the Berlin lodge Bnai Brith in 1904, does not include Sabine Haustein and Anja Waller among the settlements in the narrower sense: it is said that during the First World War it turned more and more into an emergency shelter for all emergency leaders, so that its Jewish specificity was lost and the work was stopped soon afterwards. "

The establishment of neighborhood homes after World War II.

• British and American Quakers initiated the first neighborhood homes in the tradition of the settlement movement in various cities in Germany in 1947. The homes in Frankfurt and in the rebuilt Prinz-Emil-Schlösschen in Darmstadt go back to the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC), which was supported by CRALOG . The homes in Cologne and Braunschweig opened under the direction of the British Friends' Relief Service (FRS). With extensive support from the AFSC, more homes were soon added. These originated in the Berlin suburb of Zehlendorf the central court of the AFSC, the neighborhood center and conference center in a was.
  Beate Bussiek writes that by 1952 a total of 13 neighborhood homes organized by the Quakers and other American aid organizations had emerged: in addition to the above-mentioned ones, still in Ludwigshafen, Wuppertal, Bremen and six in Berlin alone, including the Mittelhof .

literature

• Werner Picht : Toynbee Hall and the English Settlement Movement: A Contribution to the History of the Social Movement in England , Tübingen: Mohr, 1913.
• Maria Dornseifer: The English Residential Settlement Movement and its Significance in the Present: A Contribution to the History of Adult Education and Social Work , Osnabrück: Fromm, 1971.
• Nigel Scotland: Squires in the Slums: Settlements and Missions in Late Victorian England , London: IB Tauris, 2007.
• Sandra Landhäußer: Community orientation in social work: the activation of social capital , Wiesbaden: VS, Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2009.
• Elisabeth Malleier : The Ottakringer Settlement. On the history of an early international social project , Edition Volkshochschule, Vienna 2005, ISBN 978-3-900799-64-9 .
• Sabine Haustein, Anja Waller: Jewish Settlements in Europe. Approaches to a transnational social, gender and ideological historical research , Medaon - www.medaon.de, Issue 4, 2009.
• Dieter Oelschlägel: Integration through education - Jewish Toynbee halls and people's homes in Austria and Germany in the first third of the twentieth century , in: Peter Herrmann, Peter Szynka (ed.): Breakthroughs in the Social - A Festschrift for Rudolph Bauer , Wiener Verlag für Sozialforschung , Bremen, 2014, ISBN 978-3-94469-022-3 . (Quoted from Google Books)

Web links

• The International Federation of Settlements and Neighborhood Centers (IFS) . From there there is a link to the Settlement House History page , which has several articles on the history of the settlement movement. Particularly informative:
  • Legacy of Light: University Settlement 1886-2011 . (especially the essay by Jeffrey Scheuer: LEGACY OF LIGHT: University Settlement's First Century , p. 39 ff.)
• The effects of visits by German social activists in the London settlement "Toynbee Hall" on the development and conception of the German neighborhood home movement (PDF; 331 kB)
• Community roots

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Sabine Haustein, Anja Waller: Jüdische Settlements in Europa , p. 4
2. ^ Robert Götze: Volksheim (Hamburg). The first settlement attempt on German soil - a checkered history , 2005
3. ↑ "Ernst Joel (1893-1929) was an important German pacifist. He was a medical doctor and was best known for his studies of the pharmacology of cocaine and morphine. In 1926 he founded the welfare office for alcoholics and other poison addicts in the Berlin district of Tiergarten, of which he also became director. He then moved to the Kreuzberg district and was the first manager of the health center on Urban until his untimely death. Ernst Joel was active in the academic youth movement and founded the magazine 'Der Aufbruch' in 1915 ”(Dieter Oelschlägel: Integration through education , p. 118). See also: Friedrich Bauermeister
4. ^ Robert Kreider: CRALOG , in: Office of Military Government for Germany (US) Control Office APO 742, US Army: Weekly Information Bulletin , Issue No. 120, November 24, 1947
5. ^ Quaker Neighborhood Home eV Cologne
6. ^ Friends Relief Service in WWII
7. ^ Josef Berners: Silent helpers. 50 years of Quaker aid in Germany , p. 3 & 70 years of Mittelhof 1947-2017 , p. 27 (pdf-p. 14)
8. ↑ Beate Bussiek: Hertha Kraus - Quäkergeist and competence. Impulses for social work in Germany and the USA , in: Sabine Hering and Berteke Waaldijk (eds.): The history of social work in Europe ( 1900-1960 ). Important pioneers and their influence on the development of international organizations , Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden 2002, ISBN 978-3-8100-3633-9 , p. 57.