B'nai B'rith

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B'nai B'rith
logo
founding October 13, 1843
Seat Washington, DC
people Gary P. Saltzman (President), Peter Perlman (Chief Executive Officer), Daniel S. Mariaschin (CEO)
sales $ 7,205,928 (2017)
Website http://www.bnaibrith.org
B'nai-B'rith membership letter (1876)

B'nai B'rith ( Hebrew בני ברית; German "Sons of the Federation" ), also called Bnai Brith or in German-speaking countries until the time of National Socialism, the Independent Order Bne Briss (UOBB) or Bnei Briß , is a Jewish organization. It was founded in New York in 1843 as a secret lodge by twelve Jewish immigrants from Germany and, according to its self-portrayal, is dedicated to the promotion of tolerance , humanity and welfare . Another aim of B'nai B'rith is the education about Judaism and the education within Judaism. There are currently around 500,000 organized members in approximately 60 states. This makes it one of the largest international Jewish associations. The publication organ is the B'nai B'rith International Jewish Monthly .

History and organization

Grave of Salomon Ehrmann , Grand President (1920–1926) in the District of Austria

With grand lodges , main lodges and districts , B'nai B'rith is structured in a similar way to Freemasonry , but does not see itself as being associated with this movement. The headquarters are in Washington, DC ; there the organization runs a museum on Jewish history (the B'nai B'rith Klutznick National Jewish Museum ).

In 1897 the organization also opened up to women. This is how the B'nai-B'rith sister associations , which distinguished themselves from the more liberal Jewish Women's Association , came into being in the German Reich . B'nai B'rith International has accepted women as full members since 1990 . The self-organized women's organization affiliated to the B'nai B'rith is called B'nai B'rith Women and continues to maintain its independent status.

Offshoots of B'nai B'rith are u. a. the Anti-Defamation League founded in 1913 and the university organization Hillel .

Germany

The first branch in Germany was founded in Berlin in 1882 . The seat of the association was at Kleiststrasse 10 in Berlin-Schöneberg . In 1924, Rabbi Leo Baeck was elected Grand President of the German district, which at that time comprised more than a hundred individual boxes. His presidency lasted from 1925 to 1937. On April 19, 1937, all lodges had to be dissolved. The Gestapo acted as the owner of the building at Kleiststrasse 10 from 1937 . In Cologne , the seat of the Rhineland Lodge in Cäcilienstraße was abused as a ghetto house after it was broken up .

After the Second World War , the order was re-established in the Federal Republic . Max Horkheimer was a member of B'nai B'rith.

Since March 1965 there has been a memorial plaque in the Jewish community center on Fasanenstrasse in Berlin . In the Passauer Straße 4 resided with the Janusz Korczak -Loge a B'nai B'rith lodge, also exists in Berlin since 1979, the Raoul Wallenberg -Loge .

Austria

In the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary , the Lodge Austria was founded in 1889 , which had to be called the Israelitischer Humanitätsverein , since lodges (Masonic lodges) were banned. From 1892 lodges were founded in Pilsen , Cracow , Prague (two lodges), Karlsbad , Reichenberg , Brno , Troppau , Lemberg , Budweis and Chernivtsi . The Vienna Lodge was founded in 1895 and the philosopher Wilhelm Jerusalem was president for many years . The third lodge in Vienna was called Eintracht ; there were a total of fifteen lodges that formed the Xth District with 1700 members in the global organization.

After the founding of the Republic of Austria, further lodges were founded in Vienna (two), Linz and Graz , they now formed the XII. District. In 1929 it had around 900 members and was led by changing grand presidents.

Sigmund Freud was a member of the Vienna Lodge . In February 2004 the Paris lodge was named after him in France.

Social engagement

Mostly in cooperation with the grand lodge, local lodges also maintained social institutions of national significance, for example the children's recreation home UOBB Zion-Lodge XV. No. 360 Hanover on Norderney and the Oberrochwitz children's recreation home

Europe Award of Merit

Publications by B'nai B'rith

  • Desider Stern : Works by authors of Jewish origin in German. A bio bibliography. Edited on the occasion of the B'nai-B'rith book exhibitions at the Academy of the Arts Berlin (February 8 - February 22, 1970) and in the Munich City Museum (March 15 - April 5, 1970), B'nai B ' rith, Munich 1970 (3rd edition)
  • For the 50th anniversary of the Bne Briss order in Germany. UOBB With an introduction by Leo Baeck. Issued by the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith. Kauffmann, Frankfurt a. M. 1933 (contains aa: Alfred Goldschmidt: The German district of the order Bne Briss. Arthur Löwenstamm: Sociology of the Lodge. Paul Rosenfeld: Bruderworte )
  • Maximilian Stein: lectures and speeches. With a foreword by Leo Baeck. Published by the Grand Lodge for Germany VIII. UOBB Kauffmann, Frankfurt a. M. 1932 (3rd supplemented and enlarged edition)

literature

  • Andreas Reinke : B'nai B'rith. In: Dan Diner (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Jewish History and Culture (EJGK). Volume 1: A-Cl. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2011, ISBN 978-3-476-02501-2 , pp. 365-369.
  • Marcus G. Patka : The Israelite humanitarian organizations B'nai B'rith for Austria and their relationship to "Jewish" Freemasonry. In: Frank Stern , Barbara Eichinger (eds.): Vienna and the Jewish experience 1900-1938: Acculturation - Anti-Semitism - Zionism . Vienna: Böhlau, 2009 ISBN 978-3-205-78317-6 , pp. 115–129

Web links

Commons : B'nai B'rith  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ EG Lowenthal: In the service of humanity. Retrieved October 14, 2018
  2. ↑ Karin Voelker: The B'nai B'rith Order (UOBB) in the Third Reich (1933-1937), The Leo Baeck Institute Year Book, Volume 32, Issue 1, January 1, 1987, Pages 269-295, doi : 10.1093 /leobaeck/32.1.269
  3. ↑ Sven Töniges: Dissolution instead of celebration. In: juedische-allgemeine.de. Central Council of Jews in Germany, November 4, 2010, accessed on June 21, 2018 .
  4. ↑ VIII. German district of the independent order "B'nai B'rith (Sons of the Federation)" in the list of honors of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  5. ↑ Memorial plaque for B'nai B'rith in the district lexicon on berlin.de
  6. ↑ http://www.rw-loge.de/44.html. Retrieved December 3, 2018 .
  7. ↑ Peter-André Alt: Sigmund Freud: The doctor of modernity . CH Beck, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-406-69689-3 , p. 402 ( excerpts from Google Books ).
  8. ↑ B'rith Europe France - The Sigmund Freud Lodge in Paris ( Memento from May 7, 2015 in the Internet Archive )