Passauer Strasse (Berlin)

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Passauer Strasse
coat of arms
Street in Berlin
Passauer Strasse
Passauer Strasse, view from Tauentzienstrasse to Lietzenburger Strasse
Basic data
place Berlin
District Schöneberg
Created June 24, 1892
Newly designed March 20, 1957
Connecting roads Lietzenburger Strasse , Tauentzienstrasse
Cross streets Augsburger Strasse
Buildings KaDeWe
use
User groups Pedestrian traffic , bicycle traffic , car traffic
Technical specifications
Street length 320 m

The Passauerstraße is in the Berlin City West location, residential and commercial street. It was laid out in 1892 and runs as a connecting road between Tauentzienstrasse and Lietzenburger Strasse , until 1957 it extended further south to Geisbergstrasse . It finds a special stamp to the present day through the adjacent Kaufhaus des Westens (KaDeWe) and as a place of Jewish religion and culture. In the period before the Second World War, it was also a place of modern literature and Russian exile.

The prewar road

Scheme of the course of the street with house numbers,
Berlin address book, 1926

Naming, description

Passauer Strasse was not yet shown in the first Berlin development plan, the Hobrecht Plan from 1862, which outlined many of the surrounding streets. It was laid out in 1892 and named after the Bavarian city of Passau . At that time it was around 550 meters long and extended over Augsburger Strasse to Geisbergstrasse, after which Bamberger Strasse was built around 1900. In administrative terms it belonged to three districts, namely Schöneberg , Charlottenburg and Wilmersdorf .

In 1898, Hans Schwarzkopf opened a drugstore and perfumery store on Passauer Strasse. With his invention of a shampoo in powder form around 1903, he laid the foundation stone for the Schwarzkopf hair cosmetics company . Shortly afterwards in 1905, a decade after the construction of the street, a large part of the apartment buildings on the east side facing Tauentzienstrasse was demolished again in order to create space for the new KaDeWe building.

Especially in the 1920s was the Passauerstraße part of "Charlottengrad", that of exile - Russians dominated Berlin between Wittenbergplatz , Nollendorfplatz and Viktoria-Luise-Platz , in the words of Andrei Bely : "We moved to the Passauer street corner Wittenbergplatz, across from the famous Kadewe… “A Russian delicatessen shop, a Russian bar, the Association of Russian Immigrants , the Russian fashion house Petersburg , a Russian guesthouse and a Russian lending library were located on Passauer Straße . The restaurant scherkess was at Passauer Strasse 37a . Even a French-language bookstore, the Maison du livre francais at Passauer Strasse 39a, was run by an exile from Russia and, during its existence from 1923 to 1933, was primarily aimed at educated Russians.

In the mid-1920s there was “des Türken Mahir Sportschuppen” on Passauer Strasse, an early fitness club where prominent guests such as Vicki Baum , Tilla Durieux and Marlene Dietrich kept themselves physically fit with gymnastics.

From 1932 the architect Hans Scharoun had an office at Passauer Straße 4. It burned down completely in an air raid by the Allies in 1943.

Pre-war literary life

The Indologist Richard Pischel lived in Passauer Straße 23 as early as 1905 . In the 1920s, numerous important writers lived mainly south of the intersection with Augsburger Strasse, and some publishing houses were also based here.

Gottfried Benn and his family lived at Passauer Straße 19 from 1917 until the mid-twenties . After the death of his wife, the apartment also offered guests space, for example the writer Klabund and his wife, the actress Carola Neher . Benn's future lover, the writer Ursula Ziebarth , lived for a short time in a pension in the street in October 1954.

Passauer Strasse 1920, Tauentzienstrasse at the bottom right, KaDeWe at the bottom center

Vladimir Nabokov lived with his wife in two rooms at Passauer Straße 12 from 1926 to the beginning of 1929. In his first English-language novel, The True Life of Sebastian Knight from 1941, he opened with the words “Large, wet snowflakes drifted diagonally across the Passau Street in the west of Berlin, when I was walking towards an ugly old house, half of which was hidden behind a scaffolding mask. ”A scene in which the hero, while looking for an eyewitness, stumbles upon the lay-out.

From 1926 on, the Malik publishing house had its headquarters at Passauer Strasse 3. The Russian novelist Andrej Belyi had already lived in the same building in the early 1920s . Passauer Straße 8/9 was the address of Rowohlt Verlag from 1929 to 1935 before moving on to Eislebener Straße . The literary world published there had its editorial office at Passauer Strasse 34.

In September 1930 Antonin Artaud lived at Passauer Straße 10. At this time he met Georg Wilhelm Pabst and in the weeks that followed he worked on his film The Threepenny Opera .

In 1921 , Françoise Frenkel and Simon Raichenstein opened La Maison du Livre français , the city's first French bookshop, on Passauer Strasse .

From the Second World War to the present

As a street immediately behind Tauentzienstrasse , Passauer Strasse suffered severe damage during World War II . At the end of the war, the buildings towards Tauentzien were bombed out, the street between the intersection of Augsburger Strasse and Geisbergstrasse was completely destroyed, only a few houses remained in between, including Passauer Strasse 4, the seat of the synagogue association.

The southern section behind the Augsburger Strasse intersection was separated by the extension of Lietzenburger Strasse as part of the planned southern bypass and renamed Ettaler Strasse on March 20, 1957 . Since then, Passauer Strasse, which is around 320 meters long, has only been a connecting road between Tauentzienstrasse and Lietzenburger Strasse and is administratively part of Schöneberg.

Today, Passauer Strasse is a business and residential street, primarily characterized by the side entrances and parking garages of the KaDeWe. In addition to this, an architecturally striking, larger senior citizens' residence with a hotel-like character dominates the street scene, which was built from 1999 to 2000 by the architects Hilmer & Sattler and Albrecht .

The other residential developments are mainly concentrated in the southern half. There are also some retailers, including several with a Russian background, the presence of what is said to be the oldest specialist dog shop in Berlin (family-owned since 1890) is noteworthy.

Jewish religion and culture on this street

Memorial plaque at Passauer Straße 2

Throughout its history, Passauer Strasse has always been a place of Jewish life in Berlin . Already in 1894 the Synagogenverein Passauer Straße e. V. (or religious association west ) founded. In 1905 the association built a synagogue with 300 seats at Passauer Straße 2 . As a rabbi there worked u. a. from 1917 to 1931 Hartwig Naphtali Carlebach and from 1931 to 1938 Alexander Altmann . In the night of the pogrom in 1938, the mob destroyed this synagogue, looted it and tore up the Torah scrolls . The synagogue, which had already been damaged, was further destroyed in the war and was demolished in 1950–1951. The Holocaust is documented by five stumbling blocks in front of house numbers 2 and 3 as well as a stumbling stone in front of Lietzenburger Straße 20b, then Passauer Straße 33, which reminds of Fritz Pfeffer who was murdered in Neuengamme concentration camp .

In 1992 a memorial plaque was attached to the KaDeWe parking garage, which stands on the site of the former synagogue and commemorates the pogrom in 1938. A Sephardic synagogue has been located in Passauer Strasse since 2006 . Your rabbi Reuven Yaacobov has his seat here, as does Rabbi Y. Ehrenberg of the Joachimstaler Strasse synagogue . In addition to religious institutions, secular Jewish organizations also have their headquarters at Passauer Straße 4, the spectrum ranges from retailers, inventor clubs , B'nai B'rith lounges and a Keren Hajessod office to the German-Jewish sports club TuS Makkabi Berlin .

Web links

proof

  1. ↑ Overview map of the development plan of the surroundings of Berlin. The development plan designed in Roth and made out four times for the Kgl. Police Presidium, the Charlottenburg Magistrate. Berlin 1862, online
  2. ↑ a b c Passauer Strasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
  3. ↑ a b Measurement using Google Maps with Maps Labs rangefinder , accessed on March 3, 2013.
  4. ↑ alt-berlin.info:BERLIN , FA Brockhaus' Geogr.-artist. Anstalt, Leipzig, 1897  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Accessed March 3, 2013.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.alt-berlin.info  
  5. ↑ berlin.kauperts.de: Bamberger Strasse 1–61 in Berlin - KAUPERTS . Accessed March 12, 2013.
  6. ↑ alt-berlin.info: Pharus Plan Berlin. 1906.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Accessed March 3, 2013.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.alt-berlin.info  
  7. ↑ Christian Simon: "It was in Schöneberg in the month of May ..." Schöneberg in the course of history. 1998, ISBN 3-930863-37-5 , p. 47
  8. ↑ Brigitte Werneburg: Superzeichen in Gold , taz No. 8401, October 12, 2007, p. 16.
  9. ^ A b c Fred Oberhauser, Nicole Henneberg: Literarischer Führer Berlin. , 1998, ISBN 3-458-33877-2 , pp. 414-415
  10. ↑ Jörg Plath: The KaDeWe was once in Petersburg . In: taz. Berlin local no. 4573, March 18, 1995, p. 35.
  11. ^ Hans Manfred Bock: French culture in Berlin during the Weimar Republic. 2005, ISBN 3-8233-6181-3 , pp. 158-161.
  12. ↑ Dietrich Nummert: As if everyone was holding their breath. In: Berlin monthly journal. Issue 11/2000, p. 59.
  13. ↑ Johann Friedrich Geist , Klaus Kürvers , Dieter Rausch: Hans Scharoun. Chronicle of life and work. ISBN 3-88331-974-0 , 1993, pp. 84 & 148.
  14. ^ International India Exploration Society. In: Journal for comparative linguistic research in the field of Indo-European languages. 38th vol., 4th volume (1905), p. 564.
  15. ↑ Holger Hof (ed.): Benn - His life in pictures and texts. ISBN 978-3-608-95345-9 , 2007, pp. 111-112.
  16. ↑ Gottfried Benn: Hernach - Gottfried Benn's letters to Ursula Ziebarth. ISBN 978-3-89244-488-6 , 2001, p. 59.
  17. ↑ dezimmer.net: Vladimir Nabokov's whereabouts (Homes & Haunts) by Dieter E. Zimmer . Accessed March 3, 2013.
  18. ↑ Vladimir Nabokov: The True Life of Sebastian Knight. 1999, ISBN 3-499-22545-X , p. 171.
  19. ^ Doris Danzer: Between trust and betrayal. ISBN 3-89971-939-5 , 2012, p. 164.
  20. ^ A b Michael Bienert: With Brecht through Berlin. ISBN 3-458-33869-1 , 1998, pp. 62-64.
  21. ↑ rowohlt.de: Rowohlt Verlag - Verlagschronik 1919–1930 ( Memento of the original from November 12, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rowohlt.de archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Accessed March 12, 2013.
  22. ↑ rowohlt.de: Rowohlt Verlag - Verlagschronik 1931–1945 ( Memento of the original from November 12, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rowohlt.de archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Accessed March 12, 2013.
  23. ^ Antonin Artaud: Selected Writings. ISBN 978-0-520-06443-0 , 1988, p. 177.
  24. ↑ alt-berlin.info: building damage 1945, publisher: B. Aust i. A. of the Senator for Urban Development and Environmental Protection ( Memento of the original from December 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.alt-berlin.info archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Accessed March 12, 2013.
  25. ↑ Kristin Brinker: The image of old age and its influence on the forms of living for older people in the 20th century in Germany. 2005, ISBN 3-86504-150-7 , pp. 343-344.
  26. ^ Thekla Vennebusch: Berlin on four paws. ISBN 3-89740-430-3 , 2004, p. 120.
  27. ↑ Eike Geisel , Carolin Hilker-Siebenhaar: Guide through Jewish Berlin. 1987, ISBN 3-87584-165-4 , p. 176.
  28. ↑ Carsten Wilke, Katrin Nele Jansen: Biographisches Handbuch der Rabbis. ISBN 3-598-44107-X , 2004, pp. 7 and 115.
  29. ↑ Anonymous: Destruction of the synagogue in Berlin on November 9, 1938 . In: taz Berlin local no. 3257, November 9, 1990, p. 23.
  30. ↑ The "Wall of Flames" memorial - Berlin synagogues . In: Memorial plaque directory of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein ; accessed March 12, 2013.
  31. ↑ aku: Remembrance and admonition. In: taz Berlin local no. 3853, November 6, 1992, p. 28.
  32. ↑ jg-berlin.org: Tifferet Israel - Jewish community in Berlin . Accessed February 25, 2013.
  33. ↑ jg-berlin.org: Rabbis - Jewish Community of Berlin . Accessed February 26, 2013.
  34. ↑ berlin-judentum.de: Jüdisches Berlin , accessed on March 12, 2013.

Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 3.5 ″  N , 13 ° 20 ′ 23.3 ″  E