Wilhelm Jerusalem

Wilhelm Jerusalem

Wilhelm Jerusalem (born October 11, 1854 in Dřenitz , Bohemia , † July 15, 1923 in Vienna ) was an Austrian pedagogue , philosopher and sociologist.

Career

From 1872 to 1876 he studied classical philology at the University of Prague and received his doctorate on "The Inscription of Sestus and Polybios". In 1878 the Jewish community in Prague gave him permission to teach as a rabbi.

Until 1887 he was a high school teacher in Prague and Nikolsburg in Moravia. In 1888 he became a member of the teaching staff at the kk Staatsgymnasium in Vienna's 8th district .

In 1891 he was admitted to the University of Vienna as a private lecturer . From the academic year 1892/1893 onwards, he regularly gave lectures on the Introduction to Philosophy (published as a book in ten editions; translation into eight languages). His textbook on psychology was published in seven editions and translated into five languages.

From 1894 to 1902 he also taught at the Israelite Theological College in Vienna. Wilhelm Jerusalem was also president of B'nai B'rith Vienna for years .

He gave up his teaching post at secondary schools in 1907. In 1912 he brought out the work The Tasks of Teachers in High Schools , which Moritz Schlick called the most beautiful of his books .

Jerusalem politely but firmly called for an educational reform in old Austria . He was particularly interested in the educational opportunities of minorities. He wrote the first monograph on the education of the deaf-blind. In 1890, Jerusalem published a psychological study on the deaf-blind Laura Bridgman . He had discovered the literary talent of the deaf-blind author Helen Keller and was in correspondence with her.

In 1907, together with Rosa Mayreder , Max Adler , Rudolf Goldscheid , Ludo Hartmann , Karl Renner , Rudolf Eisler , Josef Redlich and Michael Hainisch, he founded the Sociological Society in Vienna , which continued to give lectures and publications well into the 1920s.

Jerusalem was particularly interested in the philosophical direction and method of pragmatism , whose main work “Der Pragmatismus” by William James he translated into German in 1907. Jerusalem's own philosophical outlook was akin to pragmatism.

After the First World War, Jerusalem became an associate professor for philosophy and education at the University of Vienna . In the early summer of 1919, Jerusalem became a teacher for the Schönbrunn Circle, the working group of socialist educators. The Viennese Vice Mayor Max Winter succeeded in making rooms available to the Austrian Children's Friends in the main building of Schönbrunn Palace. In this Schönbrunn educational school , in which young people were trained as pedagogues, Jerusalem was able to implement its educational reform programs together with his colleagues Alfred Adler , Max Adler , Marianne Pollak , Josef Luitpold Stern and Otto Felix Kanitz .

Grave of the Jerusalem family in the Dobling cemetery

In 1923, at Otto Glöckel's instigation, Wilhelm Jerusalem was appointed full professor of philosophy and education at the University of Vienna.

Jerusalem died of heart failure in Vienna on July 15, 1923 and was buried in the Döblingen cemetery . The grave is still preserved. In 1954, Jerusalemgasse in Vienna- Floridsdorf (21st district) was named after him.

Wilhelm Jerusalem's pupils and students included: Stefan Hock , Karl Renner , Erwin Stein , Viktor Ullmann , Otto Felix Kanitz and Anton Wildgans .

family

He and his wife Katharina, geb. Pollak (* 1856 in Tannwald , Northern Bohemia, died 1932 in Vienna), five children;

• Edmund, born September 17, 1879 in Nikolsburg, died March 23, 1962 in Jerusalem.
• Erwin Jerusalem, born April 27, 1881 in Nikolsburg, member of the Higher Regional Court and Chairman of the Senate in Vienna, was murdered in Auschwitz on January 30, 1943.
• The Irene-Jerusalem-Weg in the 13th district, Hietzing , has been named after the daughter Irene Jerusalem , who perished under National Socialism , born September 10, 1882 in Nikolsburg, died 1942 or 1943 .
• Lilli, born April 4, 1885 in Nikolsburg, died March 10, 1903 in Vienna
• Flora, born August 11, 1889 in Vienna, died October 27, 1910 in Vienna

Fonts (selection)

• On the reform of teaching in philosophical propaedeutics . In: Program of the State High School in Nikolsburg. Nikolsburg 1885, pp. 3–32 ( digitized version )
• Laura Bridgman , raising a deaf-blind person . Publishing house of the kk Staatsgymnasium in the 8th district, Vienna 1890.
• Grillparzer's world and life views . Eisenstein Verlag, Vienna 1891.
• The judgment function . Wilhelm Braumüller publishing house, Vienna and Leipzig 1895.
• The house of the Piarists. November 16, 1901 . In: Festschrift for the celebration of the bicentenary of the existence of the kk Staatsgymnasium in the 8th district of Vienna. Vienna 1901, pp. V-IX ( digitized version )
• The duties of the middle school teacher . Wilhelm Braumüller publishing house, Vienna and Leipzig 1903.
• Kant's significance for the present . Wilhelm Braumüller publishing house, Vienna and Leipzig 1904.
• Marie Heurtin. Upbringing a Born Blind and Deaf . Carl Konegen publishing house, Vienna 1905.
• Thoughts and thinkers . Wilhelm Braumüller publishing house, Vienna and Leipzig 1905
• Critical idealism and pure logic . Vienna and Leipzig 1905 ( digitized in the digital library Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania)
• Paths and goals of aesthetics . Wilhelm Braumüller publishing house, Vienna and Leipzig 1906.
• The pragmatism, preface to the translation of the work of William James . Felix Meiner Verlag, Leipzig 1907.
• The duties of the teacher in high schools . Publisher Wilhelm Braumüller, Vienna / Leipzig 1912.
• The war in the light of social doctrine . Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1915.
• History speaks to man . In: Peace obligations of the individual . Verlag Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Gotha 1917.
• Moral guidelines after the war . Verlag Wilhelm Braumüller, Vienna 1918
• My ways and goals . In: The philosophy of the present in self-portrayals . Volume III edited by Raymond Schmidt. Felix Meiner Verlag, Leipzig 1922.
• Introduction to philosophy . Verlag Wilhelm Braumüller, Vienna 1899. 9./10. Edition 1923.
• The sociological conditioning of thought and forms of thought . In: Attempts at a Sociology of Knowledge . Edited by Max Scheler . Duncker & Humblot publishing house, Munich / Leipzig 1924.
• Thoughts and Thinkers New Episode . Published by Edmund and Erwin Jerusalem, Wilhelm Braumüller Verlag, Vienna 1925.
• Lucien Lévy-Bruhl 'The thinking of primitive peoples . With a foreword by Wilhelm Jerusalem, Verlag Wilhelm Braumüller, Vienna 1926.
• Introduction to Sociology . Verlag Wilhelm Braumüller, Vienna 1926.
• Wilhelm Jerusalem - Helen Keller - Letters , edited by Herbert Gantschacher. ARBOS edition 2012, ISBN 978-3-9503173-0-5 .

literature

• Jerusalem Wilhelm. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 3, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1965, p. 111.
• Vladimir I. Lenin: Materialism and Empirio-Criticism . (1909) in: Works , Volume 14. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1962.
• Bertrand Russell : The Pragmatism . (1909) in: Philosophical and political essays . Verlag Philipp Reclam jun., Stuttgart 1971.
• Max Adler (editor): Festschrift for Wilhelm Jerusalem on his 60th birthday . with contributions by Max Adler, Rudolf Eisler, Sigmund Feilbogen, Rudolf Goldscheid, Stefan Hock, Helen Keller, Josef Kraus, Anton Lampa, Ernst Mach, Rosa Mayreder, Julius Ofner, Josef Popper, Otto Simon, Christine Touaillon and Anton Wildgans - Verlag Wilhelm Braumüller, Vienna and Leipzig 1915.
• Edmund and Erwin Jerusalem: Directory of the publications of Wilhelm Jerusalem . Wilhelm Braumüller Verlag, Vienna and Leipzig 1924, extended edition 1925.
• Moritz Schlick : Wilhelm Jerusalem in memory . Typescript 1928, Vienna Circle Archive (Noord-Hollands Archief, Haarlem / NL) 017 / A.63
• Edmund Jerusalem: Helen Keller, the deaf-blind writer in: Dvar Liladim , Jerusalem 1940 (translated from Hebrew by Michael Jerusalem, Kfar Saba 2010).
• Karl Renner : At the turn of two times . Danubia Verlag, Vienna 1946.
• Hans Brockard:  Jerusalem, Wilhelm. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , p. 418 f. ( Digitized version ).
• HJ Lieber: Jerusalem, Wilhelm . In: Wilhelm Bernsdorf / Horst Knospe: International Sociological Lexicon . Volume 1 (p. 196 f.) Edited by Wilhelm Bernsdorf and Horst Knospe. Enke, Stuttgart 1980.
• Rudolf Haller and Friedrich Stadler (editors): Ernst Mach - work and effect . Verlag Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky, Vienna 1988.
• William James : The pragmatism . (edited by Klaus Oehler ). Felix Meiner Verlag, Hamburg 1994.
• Siegfried Nasko / Johannes Reichl: Karl Renner . - Verlag Holzhausen, Vienna 2000.
• Jürgen Habermas : About Wilhelm Jerusalem . In: Habermas and Pragmatism , edited by Mitchell Aboulafia, Myra Bookman and Katherine Kemp. Routledge, London and New York 2002.
• Ludwig Nagl: Wilhelm Jerusalem's reception of pragmatism . in: Repressed Humanism - Delayed Enlightenment . edited by Michael Benedikt, Reihold Knoll and Cornelius Zehetner with the assistance of Endre Kiss. WUV, Vienna 2005.
• Heinz Weiss: The educators of the Schönbrunn circle . Catalog of the Austrian State Archives, Vienna 2007.
• Herbert Gantschacher : Snatch from oblivion! - The correspondence between the Austrian-Jewish philosopher Wilhelm Jerusalem and the American deaf-blind writer Helen Keller . GebärdenSache, Vienna 2009.
• Herbert Gantschacher: VIKTOR ULLMANN WITNESS AND VICTIM OF THE APOCALYPSE - WITNESS AND VICTIM OF THE APOCALYPSE - Testimone e vittima dell'Apocalisse - Prič in žrtev apokalipse - Svědek a oběť apokalypsy . Unabridged original edition in German and English with summaries in Italian, Slovenian and Czech, Arnoldstein-Klagenfurt-Salzburg-Wien-Prora-Prag, ARBOS-Edition 2015, ISBN 978-3-9503173-3-6 .
• Herbert Gantschacher Viktor Ullmann - Svědek a oběť apokalypsy 1914–1944. Archive hlavního města, Prague 2015, ISBN 978-80-86852-62-1 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Original document from the family-owned Jewish community in Prague, translated from Hebrew into German by Michael Jerusalem, Kfar Saba 2010.
2. ^ ^{A b} Moritz Schlick : Wilhelm Jerusalem zum Gedächtnis , in: Die Wiener Zeit: Essays, Articles, Reviews 1926–1936 , Eds. Johannes Friedl and Heiner Rutte, Springer-Verlag, Vienna / New York 2008, ISBN 978-3-211 -33114-9 , p. 137 ff.
3. ↑ Encyplaedica Iudaica, Volume 9 Is-Jer, Keter Publishing, Jerusalem 1971
4. ↑ Peter-André Alt: Sigmund Freud: The doctor of modernity . CH Beck, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-406-69689-3 , p. 402 ( excerpts from Google Books ).
5. ↑ Herbert Gantschacher Wilhelm Jerusalem - Helen Keller - Letters , ISBN 978-3-9503173-0-5 , ARBOS Edition © & ® 2010-2012.
6. ↑ A Letter to the Stars : Letter from his son Hans Jerusalem ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 

Web links

Commons : Wilhelm Jerusalem  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Literature by and about Wilhelm Jerusalem in the catalog of the German National Library
• Short biography: Wilhelm Jerusalem in austrian-philosophy ( Memento from June 17, 2007 in the Internet Archive )