Epidemic late abortion of pigs
The epidemic late abortion of pigs (SSS) - English : Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), Mystery swine disease (MSD), Swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS) and Porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome (PEARS) - is a disease of the Pig caused by the PRRS virus .
Etiology and epidemiology
The disease was first described in 1987 in the USA and in 1990 in Germany. In retrospective serological studies in Canada, antibodies to the PRRS virus were detected in serum samples from 1979. It is epidemic and leads to high losses in pig populations. The origin of the disease is largely unknown.
Clinical picture
The infection of pregnant mother sows usually goes unnoticed. Symptoms in sows can also be a disturbance of general well-being that lasts for only a few days with an unwillingness to eat and a moderately increased body temperature . Sometimes you can see blue discoloration ( cyanosis ) of the ears, teats , neck or shoulders, which later sometimes appear as necroses in these areas of the skin. Pronounced edema of the shame, paralysis of the hind limbs and even more rare deaths of sows are rare.
More serious are the effects on the sexual organs of the sows, which result in the shortening of the gestation period by an average of one week, a reduced litter size , the birth of dead, mummified or weak piglets or fertility disorders such as abnormal or delayed intoxication . The genital course only exists in first-time sows; there are no more symptoms in the second pregnancy.
Piglets from sows infected during pregnancy show symptoms such as weakness of life and immaturity, edema in the subcutaneous tissue, water retention in the chest and abdominal cavity and in the pericardium, ulceration of the stomach, fibrinous peritonitis, joint or meningitis and, very rarely, interstitial pneumonia . Death usually occurs within the first few days of life, the losses can be up to 75%. Piglets that appear healthy often die suddenly with shortness of breath or nervous disorders.
Sick piglets, weaners and runners show respiratory diseases, meningitis, conjunctivitis , developmental disorders and worrying .
Diagnosis
- clinic
- pathological- anatomical evidence
- histological examination
- Antigen detection in frozen sections of the lungs by immunofluorescence (IF) or mAbs
- Detection of antigen by PCR from blood and tissue samples. This allows a differentiation between the European and American types.
- Antibody detection by indirect immunofluorescence
- direct virus cultivation in pig lungs macrophages or permanent monkey kidney cells (MA cells)
Combat
From recommendations for measures to protect against the epidemic late abortion of pigs of the German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry :
- Holdings
- diagnostic examinations of sick and dead animals
- Cleaning and disinfection measures
- active vaccination
In Switzerland, CAE is a reportable animal disease of control class 2 ( disease to be eradicated ).
literature
- Rolle, Mayr: Medical Microbiology, Infection and Disease Theory , Enke Verlag Stuttgart, 2007.
