Hypersexuality

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Classification according to ICD-10
F52.7 Increased sexual desire
F52.8 Other sexual dysfunction not caused by any organic disorder or disease
F52.9 Unspecified sexual dysfunction not caused by an organic disorder or disease
F63.8 Impulse control disorder
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

Hypersexuality is a term used in medicine , psychotherapy , clinical psychology, and sexology . It denotes both increased sexual desire and increased sexually motivated action. Hypersexuality can have different causes (physical as well as psychological).

The opposite is described under Sexual Appetite Disorder .

Classification according to ICD-10 and DSM

In the medical diagnostic system of the World Health Organization (the ICD-10 ), hypersexuality can be coded under various diagnostic codes. The most important are mentioned in chapter F52 ("Sexual dysfunction not caused by an organic disorder or disease"):

In DSM -5 from 2015, hypersexuality was deleted as a mental disorder, in the previous versions DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR it was still listed.

The problem of delimitation

At first glance, hypersexuality seems to be a more objective term than that of satyriasis or “Donjuanism” in men and nymphomania in women. Nevertheless, this term is rejected by some sexologists today, because they believe that a quantification of sexual motivations or behavior should not be used exclusively as the sole basis for standardizing behavior in the area of sexuality . How often a person is allowed to be sexually active in a week or in a day in order to display normal sexual behavior cannot always be determined with such information alone. Regardless of this, the number of sexual acts is in most cases a reliable indicator of the clinical picture of hypersexuality.

What Alfred Kinsey (1894-1956) 1953 Kinsey Report ironic about the Nympho mania said applies accordingly modified for the hypersexuality: A hypersexuality can be found in a person, the more sex than you ( A nymphomaniac is a woman "Who has more sex than you do." ). Nevertheless, it remains to be said: "Hypersexuality" can - if the pitfalls of a subjective assessment were recognized during its diagnosis - be a disorder that may prevent the person concerned from having a satisfactory life due to various causes - even if in similar cases the gain in pleasure of all involved is increased.

This desire or behavior should manifest itself in the uncontrolled enjoyment of sexual contact means such as pornography, telephone sex or excessive masturbation , excessive sexual contact ( promiscuity ), right up to the addictive sexual behavior (e.g. internet addiction) noted by some therapists . According to this, some “sex addicts” strive for orgasms several times a day without actually achieving satisfaction. All of this goes so far that family, work and sex-free social contacts are neglected. In contrast to material addictions such as B. Alcoholism, the so-called sex addiction rarely manifests itself through physical effects, but often primarily through negative social consequences such as conflicts in a partnership, financial stress or professional consequences.

In the context of medical diseases

Hypersexuality is a side effect of dopamine agonists, a very common group of drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease , and, to a lesser extent, of L-Dopa, the standard drug for Parkinson's therapy, which occurs frequently, particularly in younger patients .

As a result of predisposition or injury, people with Klüver-Bucy syndrome often have an exaggerated sex drive. In certain cases, hypersexuality symptoms can also occur during the waking phases of Kleine Levin syndrome .

About the term "sex addiction"

The term “sex addiction” is often used synonymously with the term hypersexuality. Christian Schulte-Cloos defines this form of non-material addiction as “a behavior that has gotten out of control that goes hand in hand with the classic signs of addiction - obsession, powerlessness and the use of sex as a pain reliever”.

In the United States in particular, “sex addiction” is propagated by conservative circles in particular as an independent clinical picture and is also controversially discussed there. Peer Briken, director of the Institute for Sexual Research and Forensic Psychiatry at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf said that “even among therapists who specialize in treating sexual problems” there is hardly any agreement “how to diagnose sex addiction”.

Martin Kafka, a psychiatrist from Harvard Medical School , defined people “with seemingly scientific precision” as “sex addicts” who had at least seven orgasms per week for a period of six months and “engaged in such activities for one to two hours” a day. He restricts, however, that only those persons can be classified as pathological , whose sexual fantasies and behavior patterns take up so much space that they hardly find time for other, non-sexual activities and duties; The decisive factor is the level of suffering associated with excessive sexual desire .

Compulsive Sexual Behavior

Compulsive sexual behavior is recognized as a disease by the World Health Organization. In the new International Classification of Diseases ( ICD-11 ) it is listed under 6C72. Further details are described in an additional manual. For example, excessive consumption of pornography or phone sex could be included if those affected are unable to control intense, recurring sexual impulses over long periods of time and this affects their family or work life or social behavior.

Sexaholics

As Sexaholiker or sex addicts people are referred to that deal in one type or intensity with sex that they suffer. Their social contacts and professional life can also be affected. Sex is used by the sexaholic to reduce isolation, loneliness, insecurity, fear and tension, to cover up feelings, or to feel alive. The decisive characteristic is the constant loss of control over one's own behavior (also known as a non-material addiction). Some possible manifestations of uncontrollable behavior include: masturbation, sex videos and sex computer games, prostitution and sex with prostitutes, voyeurism and exhibitionism, etc.

Therapy: Special psychotherapy or sex therapy (advanced course at the University of Eppendorf) and also sexual counseling (training at the University of Merseburg). There are only a few trained sex therapists in Germany, and not all of them have health insurance .

Self-help groups: Affected people have formed self-help groups in many places. They call themselves Sexaholics Anonymous (AS) or Sex and Love Addicts Anonymous (SLAA) and work on their recovery according to the 12-step program .

history

The phenomenon of allegedly addictive sexual experience has also been described earlier in the literature. Medically it was first seen as a disorder by the two French psychiatrists Esquirol and Pinel (approx. 1830) and referred to as " erotomania ". In the world's first scientific textbook on disorders of sexuality, it was listed by Krafft-Ebing (1896) and called "sexual hyperesthesia ". Sex addiction, hyperlibido, hypereroticism, sexual compulsion and sexual dependence are some of the terms that have been used since then to name this phenomenon. Gender-specific terms have also found their way into everyday language. For example, nymphomania is spoken of in women and satyriasis in men .

See also

literature

  • P. Briken, A. Hill, W. Berner: Syndromes of sexual addiction. In: Dominik Batthyány, Alfred Pritz (Ed.): Intoxication without drugs. Non-substance addictions. Springer, Vienna / New York 2009, ISBN 978-3-211-88569-7 , pp. 219-238.
  • Patrick Carnes: When sex becomes an addiction. (Original title: Don't Call It Love. Translated by Karin Petersen). Kösel, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-466-30324-9 .
  • Patrick Carnes: Destructive Lust. Sex as an addiction (Original title: Out of the Shadows. Translated by Walter Ahlers). Heyne, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-453-00622-4 .
  • Katharina Ledermann: Sex addiction: when sex becomes an addiction. Thesis . Thusis 2000, OCLC 759444558 .
  • Kornelius Roth: Sex addiction: Disorder in the area of ​​tension between sex, addiction and trauma. In: Dominik Batthyány, Alfred Pritz (Ed.): Intoxication without drugs. Non-substance addictions. Springer, Vienna / New York 2009, ISBN 978-3-211-88569-7 , pp. 239-256.
  • Kornelius Roth: Sex Addiction. Illness and trauma in secret. 2nd Edition. Links, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-86153-442-6 (first edition 2004: When sex is addicting: on the trail of a phenomenon )
  • Kornelius Roth: Sex Addiction. Therapy and Practice. In: Stefan Poppelreuter, Werner Gross (Ed.): Not only drugs are addicting. Beltz, Weinheim 2000, ISBN 3-621-27484-7 .
  • Bernd Schneider, Wilma Funke: Sex addiction. Theory and empiricism. In: Stefan Poppelreuter, Werner Gross (Ed.): Not only drugs are addicting. Beltz, Weinheim 2000, ISBN 3-621-27484-7 .
  • Volkmar Sigusch: Key symptoms of addictive perverse developments. In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt. 99, issue 50, 2002, pp. A 3420-3423. (PDF)
  • Godela von Kirchbach: When sex becomes an addiction…. In: Existential Analysis. 24, 1, 2007, pp. 43-48. ( Full text online PDF; 443 kB)
  • Universimed: Internet Sex Addiction: Sex on the World Wide Web. accessed on July 22, 2011.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Peter Falkai and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen: Diagnostic Criteria DSM-5®: German edition 2015
  2. ^ A b Christian Schulte-Cloos: Sexuality and Addiction. ( Memento of the original from November 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ( MS Word ; 378 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www2.hs-fulda.de
  3. ^ Alan Marks: Chapter 8 - Love and Romantic Relationships. ( Memento from June 9, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ KB Bhattacharyya, M. Rosa-Grilo: Sexual Dysfunctions in Parkinson's Disease: An Underrated Problem in a Much Discussed Disorder. In: Int Rev Neurobiol. 134, 2017, pp. 859-876. PMID 28805586
  5. ↑ A. Ramirez-Zamora, L. Gee, J. Boyd, J. Biller: Treatment of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: Practical considerations and future directions. In: Expert Rev Neurother. 16 (4), 2016, pp. 389-399, Review. PMID 26923084
  6. ↑ C. Simonet, B. Fernández, DM Cerdán, J. Duarte: Hypersexuality induced by rasagiline in monotherapy in Parkinson's disease. In: Neurol Sci. 37 (11), Nov 2016, pp. 1889-1890. PMID 27401808
  7. ↑ A. Bulbena-Cabré, A. Bulbena: Aripiprazole -induced hypersexuality. In: Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 18 (6), 29 Dec 2016. PMID 28033456
  8. ↑ D. Mété, C. Dafreville, V. Paitel, P. Wind: Aripiprazole, gambling disorder and compulsive sexuality]. In: Encephale. 42 (3), Jun 2016, pp. 281-283, French. PMID 26923999
  9. ↑ A. Cannas, M. Meloni, MM Mascia, P. Solla, G. Orofino, R. Farris, F. Marrosu: Priapism and Hypersexuality Associated With Rotigotine in an Elderly Parkinsonian Patient: A Case Report. . In: Clin Neuropharmacol. 39 (3), May-Jun 2016, pp. 162-163. PMID 27046660
  10. ↑ Frank Thadeus : Psychology: Battle of the Venus hill . In: Der Spiegel . No. 19 , 2011, p. 118–120 ( online - especially in the USA, sex addiction is increasingly seen as a mass ailment that needs to be treated like alcoholism. Self-help groups are also being set up in Germany. But psychologists see it as an illness invented by conservative moralists).
  11. ↑ The family doctor: Compulsive sexual behavior as a recognized disease
  12. ↑ Anonymous sexaholics Germany: Anonymous sexaholics: What is sex addiction
  13. ↑ Beier: Analysis of needs for sexual care. In: Sexuologie 7, Urban-Verlag, 2000
  14. ↑ Anonymous Sexaholics Germany