Schatrandsch
Shatrandsch is considered to be the Iranian forerunner of the modern European chess game and the successor to the ancient Indian chess Chaturanga . Schatrandsch /شطرنج / Šaṭranǧ is also the Persian and Arabic name of the modern game of chess.
Shatranj was very popular in the Arab world from the seventh century . There are many chess compositions that have come down to us, which in Schatrandsch are called Mansuben .
In Schatrandsch, the gaits of the pieces still differ considerably from the modern game of chess. With the exception of Alfil, they correspond to those of Chaturanga. The game of chess came to Europe in this form, where it was also widely used until today's chess with bishops and queens and pawns was developed from it towards the end of the 15th century .
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The basic position is like in modern chess, however the Alfile take the place of the bishop and the heel that of the queen. Usually the white and black kings are in the same line, but whether they are in the d- or e-line is not specified and it makes no difference for the game because of the symmetry .
King , rook , knight and pawn already move like in today's chess. However, the pawn does not have a double step, and accordingly there is no capture en passant . There is also no castling , but according to some sources the king can make a knight move once per game (the details of this rule are not exactly known and may have been different in time and region).
The Alfil , the predecessor of the modern runner , moves exactly two squares in a diagonal direction, i.e. H. he skips a field which may also be occupied. The heel , which is replaced by the queen in today's chess , moves one square diagonally. When a pawn reaches the last row, he always transforms into a heel.
You win a game by the opponent matt - or stalemate continues or all opponent's pieces except the king proposes. Usually, however, there was the exception that the game ends in a draw if a player who has just captured the last stone can also capture the last stone of his opponent in the next move.
Shatrandsch is often played with tabijen . These are fixed opening moves that accelerate the start of the game, which is otherwise a bit tedious due to the missing pawn double step.